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What Is Computer? L1: The Basic Parts Without Which A Computer Cannot Work Are As Follows

computer

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10 views7 pages

What Is Computer? L1: The Basic Parts Without Which A Computer Cannot Work Are As Follows

computer

Uploaded by

kanwalchanda402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Computer?

L1

A computer is a programmable electronic device


that accepts raw data as input and processes it
with a set of instructions (a program) to produce
the result as output and store it for a long period
of times .

The basic parts without which a computer cannot work are as follows.

• Processor: It executes instructions from software and hardware.


• Memory: It is the primary memory for data transfer between the CPU and storage.
• Motherboard: It is the part that connects all other parts or components of a computer.
• Storage Device: It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard drive.
• Input Device: It allows you to communicate with the computer or to input data, e.g., a keyboard.
• Output Device: It enables you to see the output, e.g., monitor.
Input: The general meaning of input is to provide or give something to compute.
Processing: The process of applying different operation on data or input is called data processing.
Output :Any information processed by and sent from a computer or other electronic device is considered output.

Input Processing Output


Characteristics of Computer

Speed:
Computer work very high speed and are much faster then human beings .A computer can perform billion of calculation in a
single second.
Storage:
A computer can store large amount of data permanently .We can use this data at any time .We can store different type of
data in computer like Text graphics picture etc.
Accuracy:
A computer produce 100% accurate result. on the basis of results , businessman take right decision for their business.
Consistency:
Computer does not lose concentration due to heavy work load .It does not become tired or bored. Computer works in a
consistence way.
Versatility :
A computer can be used in every field of life so we can perform different tasks related to different field .Computer can work
in different styles.
Communication :
We can send right information at right place at right time with the help of computer system in the form of text ,voice and
video form.
History of Computers

The first counting device was used by the primitive people. They used sticks, stones and bones as counting
tools. As human mind and technology improved with time more computing devices were developed. Some
of the popular computing devices starting with the first to recent ones are described below;

Abacus
The history of computer begins with the birth of abacus which is
believed to be the first computer. It is said that Chinese invented
Abacus around 4,000 years ago.
It was a wooden rack which has metal rods with beads mounted on
them. The beads were moved by the abacus operator according to
some rules to perform arithmetic calculations. Abacus is still used
in some countries like China, Russia and Japan. An image of this
tool is shown below;
History of Computers

Napier's Bones
It was a manually-operated calculating device
which was invented by John Napier (1550-
1617) of Merchiston. In this calculating tool,
he used 9 different ivory strips or bones
marked with numbers to multiply and divide.
So, the tool became known as "Napier's Bones.
It was also the first machine to use the decimal
point.
Pascaline
Pascaline is also known as Arithmetic Machine or Adding Machine.
It was invented between 1642 and 1644 by a French mathematician-
philosopher Biaise Pascal. It is believed that it was the first
mechanical and automatic calculator.
Pascal invented this machine to help his father, a tax accountant. It
could only perform addition and subtraction. It was a wooden box
with a series of gears and wheels. When a wheel is rotated one
revolution, it rotates the neighboring wheel.
History of Computers

Difference Engine
In the early 1820s, it was designed by Charles
Babbage who is known as "Father of Modern
Computer". It was a mechanical computer which
could perform simple calculations. It was a steam
driven calculating machine designed to solve
tables of numbers like logarithm tables.

Analytical Engine
This calculating machine was also developed by Charles
Babbage in 1830. It was a mechanical computer that
used punch-cards as input. It was capable of solving any
mathematical problem and storing information as a
permanent memory.
History of Computers

Tabulating Machine
It was invented in 1890, by Herman Hollerith, an
American statistician. It was a mechanical
tabulator based on punch cards. It could tabulate
statistics and record or sort data or information.
This machine was used in the 1890 U.S. Census.
Hollerith also started the Hollerith?s Tabulating
Machine Company which later became
International Business Machine (IBM) in 1924.

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