INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
By: Sahitya Singh
X-A
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Historical Background
The history of trigonometry goes back to the
early ages in of Egypt and Babylon.
It was then taken further by the Greek
astronomer Hipparchus in the second century
B.C. He fabricated a trigonometric table that
measured the length of a chord subtending
various angles in a circle of a fixed radius r.
He is known as the father of TRIGONOMETRY.
He was also known for various advancements in the
field of astronomy especially in the study of solar and
lunar eclipses mostly in predicting them along with
Thales of Miletus.
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The word 'trigonometry' is derived from the
Greek words 'tri' (meaning three), 'gon'
(meaning sides) and 'metron' (meaning
measure).
In fact, trigonometry is the study of the
relationship between the sides and angles of a
triangle.
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Applications in Real Life
⚫ In ancient times, it was used for astronomy
in finding the distance of stars.
⚫ Finding the radius of the earth
⚫ Finding the height of hills, buildings, trees etc.
⚫ Navigation – Airplane, Ships etc.
⚫ Defence
Trigonometry is said to be the most important
mathematical relationship ever discovered.
Triangles are one of the most simple forms found in
Nature, but their mathematics has vital importance,
especially where precise distance measurements are Theodolite
needed.
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Right Triangle
The hypotenuse of a right triangle
is always the side opposite the
right angle. It is the longest side
in a right triangle.
The adjacent leg is the other side
that is adjacent to angle θ (theta).
It is also sometimes called as base.
The opposite side is the side that is
opposite to angle θ (theta). It is also
sometimes called perpendicular.
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Sine Function/Ratio(Sin)
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Cosine Function/Ratio(Cos)
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Tangent Function/Ratio (Tan)
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Reciprocal Functions/Ratios
The other trigonometric ratios are cosecƟ, secƟ and cotƟ.
The ratios cosecƟ, secƟ and cotƟ are the reciprocals of the
ratios sinƟ, cosƟ and tanƟ respectively.
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Inverse Ratios
The cosecant or cosec(A), is the reciprocal of sin(A); i.e. the ratio
of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the opposite
side.
A The cotangent cot(A) is the reciprocal of tan(A); i.e. the ratio of the
length of the adjacent side to the length of the opposite side.
a h
θ
B b
C 10
THANK YOU
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