Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Operating System PCC-CS403 - XI

    Uploaded by

    CST A69 Trisha Nandy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Operating System PCC-CS403 - XI

    Uploaded by

    CST A69 Trisha Nandy
    4 views16 pages

    Original Title

    Operating System PCC-CS403--XI

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views16 pages

    Operating System PCC-CS403 - XI

    Uploaded by

    CST A69 Trisha Nandy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Operating System PCC-CS403

    Operating System Structure


    • Simple structure
    – MS-DOS and UNIX started as small, simple and limited
    systems
     Layered approach
     The OS is broken into layers; lowest=hardware,
    highest=GUI
     A typical layer has routines that can be invoked by higher
    ones
     Advantage: modularity (which simplifies debugging)
     A layer doesn’t need to know how lower-level operations
    are implemented, only what they do
    Operating System Structure
    Problems:
    – Layers can use only lower-level ones, so they must be well
    defined
    • For ex., the device driver for the backing store (disk space used by
    virtual-memory algorithms) must be at a lower level than the
    memory-management routines, because memory management
    requires the ability to use the backing store.
    – Layered implementation are less efficient than other types

    Nowadays fewer layers with more functionality are being


    designed
    A layered operating system
    Microkernel
    • All nonessential components are removed from
    the components and are implemented as system
    and user programs
    • The smaller kernel provides minimal process and
    memory management
    • Advantages:
    – Ease of extending the OS
    – The OS is easier to port from one hardware design to
    another
    – More reliability: a failed user service won’t affect the OS
    Microkernel
    • Main function of the micro kernel is to provide
    a communication facility between the client
    program and the various services that are also
    running in user space
    • For example, if the client program wishes to
    access a file, it must interact with the file
    server indirectly through the microkernel
    Virtual Machines
    • The fundamental idea behind a virtual
    machine is to abstract the hardware of a single
    computer (the CPU, memory, disk drives,
    network interface cards, and so forth) into
    several different execution environments,
    thereby creating the illusion that each
    separate execution environment is running its
    own private computer
    Virtual Machines
    • The layered approach is taken to its logical
    conclusion in the concept of a virtual memory
    • It treats hardware and the operating system
    kernel as though they were all hardware
    • A virtual machine provides an interface
    identical to the underlying bare hardware
    • The OS creates the illusion of multiple
    processes, each executing on its own processor
    with its own virtual memory
    Virtual Machines
    • The resources of the physical computer are
    shared to create the virtual machines
    – CPU scheduling can create the appearance that
    users have their own processor
    – Spooling and a file system can provide virtual card
    readers and virtual line printers
    – A normal user time-sharing terminal serves as
    virtual operators console
    System models. (a) Non-virtual machine. (b)
    Virtual machine
    Virtual Machines
    • The virtual-machine concept provides complete
    protection of system resources since each virtual
    machine is isolated from all other virtual machines.
    This isolation, however, permits no direct sharing of
    resources

    • A virtual-machine system is a perfect vehicle for


    operating systems research and development. System
    development is done on the virtual machine, instead of
    on a physical machine and so does not disrupt normal
    system operation
    Virtual Machines
    • The virtual machine concept is difficult to
    implement due to the effort required to
    provide an exact duplicate to the underlying
    machine
    VMware Architecture
    JVM
    • The Java Virtual Machine
    Java consists of:
    – programming language specification
    – application programming interface (API)
    – virtual machine specification
    Java portability across platforms

    Program.class
    P

    Unix Java Java hardware


    Platform platform

    Windows Java
    Platform

    You might also like