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Inside The Computer

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9 views6 pages

Inside The Computer

Uploaded by

tahseens3847
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer

Components
Inside the Computer
• Computers are intricate machines made up of various
components that work together to perform complex tasks.
Understanding the internal structure of a computer helps in
troubleshooting, upgrading, and optimizing performance. The
key components inside a computer include:
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer,
responsible for processing instructions.
• Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data being used actively.
• Storage (HDD/SSD): Long-term data storage for the operating
system, applications, and files.
• Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all
components.
• Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electrical power from an
outlet into usable power for the computer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• The CPU, often referred to as the brain of the
computer, executes instructions and processes data. It
consists of two main parts:
• Control Unit (CU): Directs the operation of the
processor.
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and
logical operations.
• The CPU's performance is influenced by its clock
speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz), and the number
of cores it has, which allow it to handle multiple tasks
simultaneously. Modern CPUs also include features
like hyper-threading and turbo boost for enhanced
performance.
Memory and Storage
• Memory (RAM)
• Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory, meaning it
loses its data when the computer is turned off.
• RAM provides temporary storage for data that the CPU needs to
access quickly, such as running applications and active files.
• More RAM allows a computer to handle more tasks
simultaneously and improves overall performance.
• Storage (HDD/SSD)
• Hard Disk Drives (HDD): Traditional storage with moving parts,
offering large capacities at lower costs but slower speeds.
• Solid State Drives (SSD): Faster and more reliable than HDDs,
with no moving parts, leading to quicker data access and boot
times.
• Storage devices hold the operating system, software
applications, and user data permanently.
The Motherboard
• The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer,
acting as a central hub that connects all other
components. It includes:
• CPU Socket: The slot where the CPU is installed.
• RAM Slots: Where memory modules are inserted.
• Chipset: Manages data flow between the CPU, memory,
and peripheral devices.
• Expansion Slots: For adding additional cards like graphics
cards, sound cards, and network cards.
• Buses and Ports: Pathways and connectors for
communication between different parts of the computer.
• The motherboard determines the types of CPUs, memory,
and expansion cards a computer can use, making it crucial
for compatibility and upgradability.
Power Supply and Peripheral Devices
• Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• The PSU converts electrical power from an outlet into a usable form
for the computer.
• It provides power to all components, ensuring they operate correctly.
• PSUs are rated by wattage, which indicates how much power they can
supply. Choosing the correct wattage is essential for system stability
and efficiency.
• Peripheral Devices
• Keyboard and Mouse: Input devices for user interaction.
• Monitor: Output device for displaying visual information.
• Printer: Output device for producing physical copies of documents
and images.
• External Storage: Additional storage devices like external hard drives
and USB flash drives.
• Peripherals connect to the computer via various ports (USB, HDMI,
etc.) and enhance its functionality.

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