Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing provides us a means by which we can access the applications

as utilities, over the internet. It allows us to create, configure and customize
applications online.
What is cloud?
• The term cloud refers to a network or internet. In other words, we can say that
cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide
service over network, i.e. on public networks or on private networks, i.e WAN,
LAN or VPN.
• E.g- e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship management (CRM) all run
in cloud.
What is cloud computing?
• Cloud computing refers to manipulating, configuring and accessing
the applications online. It offers online data storage, infrastructure
and application.
Basic concepts:
• There are certain services and models working behind the scene
making the cloud computing feasible and accessible to end users.
Following are the working models for cloud computing.
• Deployment Models
• Service Models
Deployment Models:
• Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e. how cloud is
located? Cloud can have any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid and
Community.
1) Public Cloud:
The public cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public. Public
cloud may be less secure because of its openness. E.g. e-mail
2) Private Cloud:
The private cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers
increased security because of its private nature.
3) Community Cloud:
The community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by group of organizations.
4) Hybrid Cloud:
The hybrid cloud is mixture of public and private cloud. However, the critical activities are performed
using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud.
Service Models:
• Service models are the reference models on which the cloud computing
is based. These can be categorized into three basic service models as
listed below:
1) Infrastructure-as-a-service (IAAS)
2) Platform-as-a-service (PAAS)
3) Software-as-a-service (SAAS)
There are many other service models all of which can take the form like
XAAS i.e. Anything as a service. This can be network as a service, Business
as a service, Identity as a service, Database as a service or Strategy as a
service.
• The Infrastructure as a service(IAAS) is the most basic level of service.
Each of the service models make use of the underlying service model
i.e. each inherits the security and management mechanism from the
underlying model.
• IAAS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical

machines, virtual machines, virtual storage etc.
• Paas provides the runtime environment for applications, development

& deployment tools etc.
• Saas model allows to use software applications as a service to end

users.
History:
• The concept of cloud computing came into existence in 1950 with
implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static
clients. Since then, cloud computing has been evolved from static
clients to dynamic ones from software to services.
• The following diagram explains the evolution of cloud computing:
Advantages:
Cloud computing has various advantages.
1) One can access applications as utilities, over the internet.
2) Manipulate and configure the applications online at any time.
3) It does not require to install a specific piece of software to access or manipulate cloud
application.
4) Cloud computing offers online development and deployment tools, programming runtime
environment through Platform as a service model.
5) Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provides platform
independent access to any type of clients.
6) Cloud computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used without
interaction with cloud service provider.
7) Cloud computing is highly cost effective because it operates at higher efficiencies with
greater utilization. It just requires an internet connection.
8) Cloud computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.
Risks:
Although cloud computing is a great innovation in the world of computing, there also exist downsides
of cloud computing.
1) Security & Privacy: It is the biggest concern about cloud computing. Since data management and
infrastructure management in cloud is provided by third-party, it is always a risk to handover the
sensitive information to such providers.
Although the cloud computing vendors ensure more secure password protected accounts, any sign of
security breach would result in loss of clients and businesses.
2) Lock-in: It is very difficult for the customers to switch from one Cloud Service Providers (CSP) to
another. It results in dependency on a particular CSP for service.
3) Isolation Failure: This risk involves the failure of isolation mechanism that separates storage,
memory, routing between the different tenants.
4) Management Interface Compromise: In case of public cloud provider, the customer management
interfaces are accessible through the internet.
5) Insecure or incomplete data deletion: It is possible that the data requested for deletion may not
get deleted. It happens either because extra copies of data are stored but are not available or disk
destroyed also stores data from other tenants.
Characteristics:
• There are four key characteristics of cloud computing.
1) On demand self-service: Cloud computing allows the users to use web
services and resources on demand. One can logon to a website at any time
and use them.
2) Broad network access: Since cloud computing is completely web based, it
can be accessed from anywhere and at any time.
3) Resource pooling: Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a
pool of resources. One can share single physical instance of hardware,
database and basic infrastructure.
4) Rapid elasticity: It is very easy to scale up or down the resources at any
time. Resources used by the customers or currently assigned to customers
are automatically monitored.

Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing provides us a means by which we can access the applications

• IAAS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical

• Paas provides the runtime environment for applications, development

• Saas model allows to use software applications as a service to end

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