Scribd
Upload
60 views15 pages

Direct & Indirect Speech Explanation

Uploaded by

targaryenrougueprince
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views15 pages

Direct & Indirect Speech Explanation

Uploaded by

targaryenrougueprince
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

RULES FOR CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH

s.no Direct Speech Indirect Speech


1 V1 V2
2 AM/IS/ARE+V1ING WAS/WERE +VI ING
3 HAS/HAVE+V3 HAD+V3
4 HAS/HAVE +BEEN+V1ING HAD BEEN+V1ING
5 V2 HAD+V3
6 WAS/WERE+V1ING HAD BEEN+V1ING
7 SHALL/WILL+V1 V2 (WOULD)
HELPING / MODAL VERBS
S.NO DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
1 DO/DOES DID
2 CAN COULD
3 MAY MIGHT
4 MUST HAD TO
5 SHALL SHOULD
SUBJECTS & OBJECTS
S.NO DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
1 TODAY THAT DAY
2 NOW THEN
3 TOMORROW THE NEXT DAY
4 YESTERDAY THE PREVIOUS DAY
5 AGO BEFORE
6 HERE THERE
7 THIS THAT
8 THESE THOSE
REPORTING VERBS
S.NO DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECTSPEECH
1 SAID SAID THAT
2 SAID TO TOLD (ASSERTIVE)
3 SAID TO ASKED (INTERROGATIVE)

ORDERED/COMMANDED/REQUESTED/ADVICED/
4 SAID TO SUGGESTED/ETC... DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF THE
SENTENCE. (IMPERATIVE)

5 SAID TO EXCLAIMED (EXCLAMATORY)


ASSERTIVE SENTENCES
NOTE: ALL ASSERTIVE SENTENCES ARE TO BE USED WITH SAID TO TOLD.

EXAMPLES:

1. He said “ I know the way”.


A: He said that he knew the way.

2. He said to me “ I’m going now” .


A: He told me that he was going then..

There are 4 exceptions where this tense rule doesn’t apply.


Exceptions for assertive statements
 When a Universal truth is said.
 The teacher said “ The Earth is round” .
A: The teacher said that the earth is round.
 When the reporting verb is in Simple Present Tense.
 He says “ I’m honest” .
A: He says that he is honest.
 When the reporting verb is in present perfect tense.
 He has said “ My uncle has arrived.”
A: He has said that his uncle has arrived.
 When the reporting verb is in Simple Future Tense.
 He’ll say ” There’s no stock”.
A: He’ll say that there’s no stock.
EXAMPLES FOR ASSERTIVE STATEMENTS
1. He said “ They’ve gone out.”
A. He said that they had gone out.
2. He said “ we’ve been waiting here.”
A. He said that they had been waiting there.
3. He said” my father went out.”
B. He said that his father had gone out.
4. He said “ I was reading a novel”.
C. He said that he had been reading a novel.
5. He said “ I shall take a leave”.
D. He said that she would take a leave.
6. He said “ I don’t understand this rule.”
A. He said that he didn’t understand that rule.
Interrogative sentences
Model-I
1. He said to her “ Who are you?”
A. He asked her who she was.

2. I said to him “ What’s your name?”


B. I asked him what his name was.

3. She said to me “ Where are you going? “


A: She asked me where I was going.

4. He said to her “ How are you?”


A: He asked her how she was.
Interrogative sentences
Model-I:
5. He said to me “ when can I meet the Public Prosecutor ? “
A: He asked me when he could meet the public prosecutor.

6. She said to me “ who did you buy these books for? “


A: She asked me For whom had I bought those books.

7. She said to me “ Why are you late? “


A: She asked me why I was late.

8. Ravi said to Hema “ How old are you ?”


A: Ravi asked Hema how old she was.
Interrogative sentences
Model- II
 Here, some questions begins with Helping verbs.
 There the questions don’t have monosyllabic answers like Yes/no.
 To convert such type of sentences, we’ve to begin with if/whether.
Examples:

1. He said to me “ Are you busy ? “


A: He asked me if I was busy.

2.He said to him “ Do you smoke? “


A: He asked him if he smoked.
Interrogative sentences

3. He said to him “ Have you done your home work ? “


A: He asked him If he had done his home work.

4. I said to her “ Did you know the facts? “


A: I asked her if she had known the facts.

5. She said to him “ Will you go out ? “


A: She asked him if he would go out.
Imperative sentences
• Here in the indirect speech, the reporting verb is according to the tone of the sentence ( to+V1 ) is to be used.
Examples:
1. The officer said to the clerk “ Bring the file “
A. The officer ordered the clerk to bring the file.
2. The father said to his son “ study well .”
A. The Father advised his son to study well.
3. The speaker said to the audience “ Be silent”.
A. The speaker requested the audience to be silent.
4. The Doctor said to him” Don’t smoke”.
A . The Doctor advised him not to smoke.
5. The captain said to the soldiers “ Open the fire”.
A. The captain ordered the soldiers to open the fire.
Exclamatory sentences
1. He said ” oh! What a fine day it is !”
A. He exclaimed that it was a fine day.
2. He said “ Ah! A beautiful scenery!”
B. He exclaimed with wonder that it was a beautiful scenery.
3. He said “ Alas! I lost my purse!”.
C. He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his purse.
4. They said “ Good heavens! We’re safe!”
D. They exclaimed with relief that they were safe.
5. He said to us “ Bravo you’ve played well.”
A: He exclaimed/applauded us that we had played well.

You might also like