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SQL Queries, Constraints and Triggers

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6 views

SQL Queries, Constraints and Triggers

Uploaded by

saitejasri22d21a1230
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sql Queries,constraints And Triggers

SUBMITTED BY:
NAME:-K.SAI TEJASRI
ROLL NO:-22D21A1230
SECTION:-IT-A
Introduction to SQL Queries, Constraints, and Triggers.

• SQL queries are used to retrieve and manipulate data from relational
databases.

• Constraints are rules that enforce data integrity within a database.

• Triggers are special types of stored procedures that are automatically


executed in response to certain events.
SQL SELECT Query.

• The SELECT statement is used to query data from one or more database
tables.

• It allows filtering, sorting, and grouping of data.

• The syntax includes clauses such as WHERE, ORDER BY, and GROUP
BY.
SQL INSERT Query.

• The INSERT statement is used to add new records to a table.

• It specifies the columns and values to be inserted.

• It is important to ensure data types and constraints are satisfied when


inserting data.
SQL UPDATE Query.

• The UPDATE statement is used to modify existing records in a table.

• It specifies the columns to be updated and the new values.

• The WHERE clause is used to filter which records are updated.


SQL DELETE Query.

• The DELETE statement is used to remove records from a table.

• It can delete specific records based on conditions in the WHERE clause.

• Exercise caution when using DELETE as it permanently removes data.


Constraints in SQL.

• Constraints are used to enforce rules on data integrity.

• Common constraints include NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY,


FOREIGN KEY, and CHECK.

• Constraints help maintain data quality and consistency.


Types of Constraints.

• NOT NULL ensures a column cannot have a NULL value.

• UNIQUE ensures each value in a column is unique.

• PRIMARY KEY uniquely identifies each record in a table.


More Types of Constraints.

• FOREIGN KEY establishes a relationship between two tables.

• CHECK enforces conditions on column values.

• Constraints can be added when creating a table or altered later.


Triggers in SQL.

• Triggers are special stored procedures that are automatically executed in


response to events.

• Events can include INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations on a table.

• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, audit changes, or perform


complex actions.
Creating and Managing Triggers.

• Triggers are created using the CREATE TRIGGER statement.

• They can be set to execute before or after the triggering event.

• Triggers can be disabled, enabled, or dropped as needed.


THANK YOU

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