Intro & Type of Air Conditioning

Air Conditioning
System
Di Sampaikan Oleh :
En. Mohd Hatta Bin Mohd Hassan
What is Air Conditioning?
Evaporation
Liquid Vapor
Condensation
Vapor Compression
Heat Rejection to Atmosphere
Condenser
Motor Compressor Expansion Valve
Evaporator
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
Refrigerant rejects
heat to atmosphere
Condenser
Metering
Device Compressor
Evaporator Refrigerant absorbs
heat from load
Enthalpy
Penyamanan / Pendinginan Udara
Satu proses di mana udara dikendalikan
dengan mengawal suhu, kelembapan,
kebersihan dan seterusnya mengagihkan
udara ini ke dalam satu ruang yang
dikehendaki menepati keperluan atau apa
sahaja yang menggunakan khidmatnya.
Penggunaan sistem penyamanan udara adalah
untuk memberi keselesaan kepada pengguna.
Keselesaan yang diberikan adalah berpunca
dari kesesuaian tahap suhu, kelembapan,
aliran udara dan kebersihan udara disamping
kawalan bunyi bising.
ENERGY & BUILDING SERVICES
•OFFICE EQUIPMENT •LIGHTING
•AIR-CONDITIONING ROOM
•SOLAR GAIN •OCCUPANCY

•INFILTRATION
•AIR-CONDITIONING COIL
•FRESH AIR (DEHUMIDIFICATION)

CLASSIFICATION OF AIR CONDITIONERS
There are many kinds of classifications

of air conditioners, but the
representative classifications will be
explained below.
Classification By Capacity
* Domestic air conditioning

* Commercials air conditioning
* Industrial air conditioning
Domestic air conditioning
* Split Air Conditioning Unit

* Window Air Conditioning Unit
* Multi Split Air Conditioning
Unit
Split unit
*Floor standing
*Wall mounted
*Ceiling mounted
*Cassette type
*Ceiling ducted
Floor Standing
Wall Mounted
Ceiling Mounted
Cassette Type
Ceiling
Ducted
Window Air
Conditioning
Unit
Multi Split Air
Conditioning
Unit
Multi Split Air Conditioning Unit
Commercials Air conditioning
* Water cooled packaged unit
Water Cooled – cooled by water
Condensing medium
 well water, city water
 Cooling tower
* Air cooled packaged unit

Air Cooled – cooled by air
Condensing medium
 outside air
Apakah yang dimaksudkan
water cooled packaged system
Water cooled packaged system

adalah bermaksud, sebuah
sistem hawa dingin dari jenis
packaged, dimana condenser
disejukan oleh air.
Water Cooled Packaged Unit
(Pemeluwap Di Sejukan Oleh Air)
Water Cooled Packaged Unit
(Pemeluwap Di Sejukan Oleh Air)
Apakah yang dimaksudkan
‘Air Cooled Packaged System’
Air cooled packaged system

adalah bermaksud, sebuah
sistem hawa dingin dari jenis
packaged, dimana condenser
disejukan oleh udara.
Air Cooled Packaged Unit
(Condenser Di Sejukan Oleh Udara)
Air Cooled Packaged Unit
(Condenser Di Sejukan Oleh Udara)
 Air Cooled packaged unit are available in
following type:
 Window type
 Floor standing type
• Free Blow
• Vertical Discharge
• Horizontal Discharge
 Roof top type
Window Type
Floor Standing – Free Blow
Free Standing – Vertical Discharge
Free Standing – Horizontal
Discharge
Roof Top
Industrial Air conditioning
* Centrifugal water cooled chiller system
* Reciprocating water cooled chiller system
* Reciprocating air cooled chiller syste
* Rotary Chiller
* Screw type chiller
* Screw type air cooled chiller
Chill water system (chiller)
screw type
centrifugal type
absorption type
 Classification By Expansion Methods
 Expansion methods are largely classified in two types;
i.e. direct expansion and indirect expansion.
 The direct expansion method is that heat is directly
exchanged between air to be conditioned and the
refrigerant. An air conditioners adopt this method.
 The indirect expansion method is that heat is
exchanged indirectly between air to be conditioned
and the refrigerant by means of water or brine. The
systems combining the chilled or centrifugal water
chilled with fan coil units adopt this method.
 Direct expansion
 Split unit
 Packaged unit
 Indirect
expansion
 Chilled
water
system
TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING & EQUIPMENT
DIRECT EXPANSION (DX) CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
Window unit Air cooled Chiller
Split Unit Chilled Water Pump
Air Cooled Multisplit Expansion tank
Water Cooled
Ducted split
Chiller
Package Chilled Water Pump
Split Expansion tank

Water Cooled
Condenser Water
Package
Pump
Make-up water tank
Cooling Tower
Fan Coil Unit
Air Handling Unit

Direct Expansion
Air Cooled System
Water Cooled System
DIRECT EXPANSION (DX) SYSTEM
Split - Air Cooled Condenser
95o
Condenser

oo r
Outd
Evaporator
Indoor
Separate Compartment
Packaged - Air Cooled Condenser
95o
Condenser
Evaporator
Split - Water Cooled Condenser
95o Cooling
Tower
85o Pump
Condenser
Evaporator
Separate Compartment
Packaged - Water Cooled Condenser
95o Cooling
Tower
85o Pump
Condenser
Evaporator
Indirect Expansion
Water Cooled Chilled Water System
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
Air Cooled Condenser
97o
Condenser
Evaporator
Pump 44°
54°
AHU/FCU
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
Water Cooled Condenser
95o Cooling
Tower
85o Pump
Condenser
Evaporator
Pump 44°
54°
AHU/FCU
Cooling Water
Condenser Water
(95°)
Outdoor Outdoor
Air Air
Condenser Water
(85°)
About how many pounds of water needs to

evaporate to produce one ton of cooling?
Cooling Water
Cooling Tower System
Unit Kendalian Udara (Air Handling Unit)
Single Chiller Systems
Secondary System
Variable Primary System
Classification By Heat Rejection
Methods
 Heat rejection methods are largely classified
in two types; i.e. water cooled type by
means of water, and air cooled type by
means of air. (As the recent tendency, the
air cooled type air conditioners which are
free from maintenance work increase.)
Features Of Air Cooled and Water Cooled
Types
Air Cooled Type
Water Cooled Type

Advantages Disadvantages
Refrigerant piping must be installed
in the field. Only properly engineered
piping systems that carefully consider
the distance and change in height
Lowest overall cost
between the IT and outdoor
environments will deliver reliable
performance.
Refrigerant piping cannot be run long

Easiest to maintain distances reliably and economically.
Multiple computer room air

conditioners cannot be attached to a
Less efficient
single air cooled condenser.
Advantages and Disadvantages Of Air

Cooled Air Conditioning System
Advantages Disadvantages
Requires additional duct clearance
The central plant is located in
which can reduce the usable floor
unoccupied areas, hence facilitating
space.
operating and maintenance, noise
control of suitable equipment.
Air balancing is difficult and requires

No piping, electrical wiring and filters are
great care.
located inside the conditioned space.
Gives a wide choice of zone ability, Accessibility to terminals demands

flexibility and humidity control under all close cooperation between
operating conditions architectural, mechanical and structural
engineers.
Advantages and Disadvantages Of Water

Cooled Air Conditioning System
Classification By Structure
Features of Single Packaged Type and Split Type
Roof -Top Type (UAT)
Features of Split-Pair and Multi-System
Split Type (Pair System) Split Type (Multi-System)
Classification By Locations Of
Compressor
Split Type
Remote Condenser
Type
TON OF REFRIGERATION
Capacity atau keupayaan sesebuah sistem

penyaman udara, contohnya chiller, diukur
dalam unit Ton of Refrigeration
APAKAH DIA “TON OF REFRIGERATION”
Adalah sejumlah tenaga haba yang

diperlukan untuk mencairkan 1 ton ais
dalam masa 24 jam
Sebanyak 144 Btu haba diperlukan untuk
mencairkan satu paund ais.
2000 pound = 1 ton

Untuk mencairkan 1 ton ais :
144 Btu/lb X 2000 lb = 288,000 Btu.
1 Ton keupayaan penyejukan

adalah bersamaan dengan 12,000
Btu/hr, Oleh itu
12,000 Btu/hr = 1 Ton

CAPACITY PENYEJUKAN
8,000 Btu/hr = 1 Hp
12, 000 Btu/hr = 1 Ton

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Intro & Type of Air Conditioning

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Air Conditioning

Heat Rejection to Atmosphere

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

•OFFICE EQUIPMENT •LIGHTING

•SOLAR GAIN •OCCUPANCY

•FRESH AIR (DEHUMIDIFICATION)

There are many kinds of classifications

* Domestic air conditioning

* Split Air Conditioning Unit

* Air cooled packaged unit

Water cooled packaged system

Air cooled packaged system

DIRECT EXPANSION (DX) CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

Window unit Air cooled Chiller

Split Unit Chilled Water Pump

Air Cooled Multisplit Expansion tank

Package Chilled Water Pump

Split Expansion tank

Make-up water tank

Fan Coil Unit

Air Handling Unit

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

Motor Compressor Expansion Valve

About how many pounds of water needs to

Water Cooled Type

Refrigerant piping cannot be run long

Multiple computer room air

Advantages and Disadvantages Of Air

Air balancing is difficult and requires

Gives a wide choice of zone ability, Accessibility to terminals demands

Advantages and Disadvantages Of Water

Capacity atau keupayaan sesebuah sistem

Adalah sejumlah tenaga haba yang

2000 pound = 1 ton

1 Ton keupayaan penyejukan

12,000 Btu/hr = 1 Ton

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