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Intro To OOP in Python

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15 views

Intro To OOP in Python

Uploaded by

moshrxz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

OOP in Python

It’s all objects…


• Everything in Python is really an object.
• “hello”.upper()
list3.append(‘a’)
dict2.keys()
• New object classes can easily be defined in addition to these built-in
data-types.
• In fact, programming in Python is typically done in an object-oriented
style.

Presentation title 2
Classes vs Instances

Classes are used to create user-defined data structures.

Classes define functions called methods, which identify the


behaviors and actions that an object created from the class can
perform with its data.

Presentation title 3
Classes vs Instances
• A class is a blueprint
• . It doesn’t actually contain any data.
• The Person class specifies that a name and an age are necessary for
defining a person, but it doesn’t contain the name or age of any
specific person.

• an instance is an object that is built from a class and contains real data.
An instance of the Person class is not a blueprint anymore. It’s an
actual person with a name, like Mike, who’s 22 years old.

Presentation title 4
How to Define a Class

• class definitions start with the class keyword,


• followed by the name of the class and a colon.
• Any code that is indented below the class definition is considered part
of the class’s body.

class Student:
pass
Presentation title 5
Methods in Classes
• Define a method in a class by including function
definitions within the scope of the class block
• There must be a special first argument self in all
of method definitions which gets bound to the
calling instance
• There is usually a special method called
__init__ in most classes
• We’ll talk about both later…
A simple class def: student
class student:
“““A class representing a
student ”””
def __init__(self,n,a):
self.full_name = n
self.age = a
def get_age(self):
return self.age
Attributes
Attributes
• The non-method data stored by objects are called
attributes
• Data attributes
• Variable owned by a particular instance of a class
• Each instance has its own value for it
• These are the most common kind of attribute
Data Attributes
• Data attributes are created and initialized by an __init__()
method.
• Simply assigning to a name creates the attribute
• Inside the class, refer to data attributes using self
• for example, self.full_name
class teacher:
“A class representing teachers.”
def __init__(self,n):
self.full_name = n
def print_name(self):
print self.full_name
Creating and Deleting Instances
Instantiating Objects
• There is no “new” keyword as in Java.
• Just use the class name with ( ) notation and assign the result to a variable
• __init__ serves as a constructor for the class. Usually does some
initialization work
• The arguments passed to the class name are given to its __init__()
method
• So, the __init__ method for student is passed “Bob” and 21 and the new
class instance is bound to b:
b = student(“Bob”, 21)
Constructor: __init__
• An __init__ method can take any number of arguments.
• Like other functions or methods, the arguments can be defined with
default values, making them optional to the caller.

• However, the first argument self in the definition of __init__ is


special…
Self
• The first argument of every method is a reference
to the current instance of the class
• By convention, we name this argument self
• In __init__, self refers to the object currently
being created
•
Self
• must specify self explicitly when defining the method,

def set_age(self, num):


self.age = num
Access to Attributes and
Methods
Definition of student
class student:
“““A class representing a student
”””
def __init__(self,n,a):
self.fullName = n
self.age = a
def getAge(self):
return self.age
Accessing Attributes and Methods
f = student(“Tim”, 23)

f.fullName # Access attribute


“Tim”

f.getAge() # Access a method


23
References

• https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html
• https://realpython.com/python3-object-oriented-programming/

Presentation title 19

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