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Unit - V - Environmental Pollution

EVS BCA SEM UNIT V NOTES

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SATHYABAMA MADHANKUMAR
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134 views36 pages

Unit - V - Environmental Pollution

EVS BCA SEM UNIT V NOTES

Uploaded by

SATHYABAMA MADHANKUMAR
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT - V

ENVIRONMENT
AL POLLUTION
Introduction
 Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable
change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any
component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can
cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.

 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any


substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to
the organisms

 Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or


uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may
be called as the pollutant.
TYPES OF POLLUTION

Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of
water through natural or human activities and
making it unsuitable for its designated use.

 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to


many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and
municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation,
industries, navigation, recreation.

 The used water becomes contaminated and is


called waste water.
 Most of Water Pollution is man made It may also occur
naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion animal
wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks

 The sources of water pollution can be classified as


 Municipal Waste Water
 Industrial Waste
 Inorganic Pollutants
 Organic Pollutants
 Agricultural Wastes
 Marine Pollution
 Thermal pollution
The major source of water pollution is
the waste water discharged from
industries and commercial bodies, these
industries are
chemical, metallurgical, food processing
industries, textile, paper industries.
They discharge several organic and
inorganic pollutants. That prove highly
toxic to living beings.
 They include fine particles of different metals, chlorides,
sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids and alkalies.
 They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and
several other organic compounds
 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have
become essential for present day high
yielding crops.

 Consequently, they have become a


potential source of water
pollution.
Excess fertilizers may reach the ground
water by leaching or may be mixed with
surface water of rivers, lakes and ponds by
runoff and drainage.
 Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade
pollutants. Rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea.

 The sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped


into the sea. The other sources include, discharge of oils,
grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.
 Thermal Pollution of water is caused by the rise in
temperature of water.
 The main source of thermal pollution are the thermal and
nuclear power plants.
 The power generating plants use water as coolants and
release hot water into the original source.
 Sudden rise in temperature kills fish and other aquatic
animals.
 Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other
living organisms, or cause damage to the natural
environment or built environment, into the
atmosphere.

 A substance in the air that can cause harm to


humans and the environment is known as an air
pollutant.
 Carbon dioxide-this happens because of
Deforestation and fossil fuel burning.

 Sulfur dioxide –Due to the burning of sulfur


containing compounds of fossil fuels.

 Sulfur oxides- very dangerous to humans at


a high concentration. Sulfur in the
atmosphere is responsible for acid rain.

CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also
partially restricts infrared radiation going back
from the earth into space, which produces the so-
called greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic
cooling of the Earth during the night.

 CO2 in atmosphere --> GLOBAL WARMING


 Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land
surfaces often caused by human activities and
their misuse of land resources. It occurs when
waste is not disposed properly.

 Urbanization and industrialization are major


causes of land pollution.
 FourMain causes of land
pollution:

 Construction
 Agriculture

 Domestic waste

 Industrial Waste
 Buildings take up resources and land, the trees
are chopped down and used to make buildings.
 Takes away the places for animals and other
organisms to live.
 As there are more and more people inhabiting
the earth, food is in higher demand and so forests
are chopped down and turned into farmland

 In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial


fertilizers, animal manure are washed into the
soil and pollute it.
 Tons of domestic waste is dumped every day.
 Some waste from homes, offices and industries can be
recycled or burnt in incinerators .
 There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and
washing machines that are dumped in landfills simply
because they cannot be reused in anyway, nor recycled .
 Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries,
nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal
farms, coal-fired power plants, metals
production factories and other heavy industry all
contribute to land pollution.
 Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human,
animal, or machine-created environmental noise
that disrupts the activity or balance of human or
animal life.

 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the


normal activities such as working, sleeping, and
during conversations.

 World Health Organization stated that “Noise must


be recognized as a major threat to human well-
being”
 Transportation systems are the main source of noise
pollution in urban areas.

 Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause


a lot of noise, due to the usage of air compressors,
bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.

 Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state


of noise pollution.

 Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air


conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the existing
noise pollution.
 According to the USEPA, there are direct links between
noise and health. Also, noise pollution adversely affects the
lives of millions of people.

 Noise pollution can damage physiological and


psychological health.

 High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep


disruption, hearing loss, and productivity loss are the
problems related to noise pollution.

 It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic


attacks.
 Planting bushes and trees in and around sound
generating sources is an effective solution for noise
pollution.

 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can


effectively reduce the noise pollution

 Social awareness programs should be taken up to


educate the public about the causes and effects of noise
pollution.

 Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear


plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.

Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the
machinery and servicing should be done to
minimize noise generation.

 Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to


block unwanted noise from outside.


Regulations should be imposed to restrict the
usage of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and
public places.


Factories and industries should be located far
from the residential areas.
 We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to
increase recycling.

 It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks


and colors.

 The residents of the country should also try and do


their part and put in at least one day of litter
picking up.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLOBAL
WARMING AND THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
Global warming refers to a rise in the
temperature of the surface of the earth.

The Greenhouse Effect is a process by


which thermal radiation from a planetary
surface is absorbed by atmospheric
greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in
all directions.
SOME PROOF OF GLOBAL
WARMING
PORTAGE GLACIER PORTAGE GLACIER
ALASKA THEN…. ALASKA NOW….
COLORADO RIVER, AS OF COLORADO RIVER, AS OF
JUNE 2002 DECEMBER 2003

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