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Perception-1

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16 views12 pages

Perception-1

Uploaded by

anishaarora492
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Organisation Behaviour

Topics to be covered today


1. Perception
Introduction to perception

• A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory


impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
• People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on
reality itself.
• The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.
• The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the
senses.
Factors that influence perception
Attribution Theory: Judging Others

Our perception and judgment of others is significantly influenced by our


assumptions of the other person’s internal state.
When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it
is internally or externally caused.
•Internal causes are under that person’s control
•External causes are not under the person’s control

Causation judged through:


Distinctiveness: Shows different behaviors in different situations
Consensus: Response is the same as others to the same situation
Consistency: Responds in the same way over time
Elements of attribution theory
Errors and Biases in Attributions

 Fundamental Attribution Error


– The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors
and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making
judgments about the behavior of others
– We blame people first, not the situation

 Self-Serving Bias
– The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to
internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external
factors
– It is “our” success but “their” failure
Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging Others
• Selective Perception
– People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their
interests, background, experience, and attitudes

• Halo Effect
– Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a
single characteristic

• Contrast Effect
– Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are affected by
comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher
or lower on the same characteristics

• Projection
– Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people.
Another Shortcut: Stereotyping

Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which


that person belongs – a prevalent and often useful, if not always accurate,
generalization

•Profiling
– A form of stereotyping in which members of a group are singled out for
intense scrutiny based on a single, often racial, trait.
Specific Shortcut Applications in Organizations
• Employment Interview
– Perceptual biases of raters affect the accuracy of interviewers’ judgments
of applicants
– Formed at a single glance: 1/10th of a second!

• Performance Expectations
– Self-fulfilling prophecy (Pygmalion effect): The lower or higher
performance of employees reflects preconceived leader expectations
about employee capabilities

• Performance Evaluations
– Appraisals are often the subjective (judgmental) perceptions of appraisers
of another employee’s job performance
– Critical impact on employees
Specific Shortcut Applications in Organizations
• Ethnic Profiling
– A form of stereotyping in which a group of individuals is singled out—
typically on the basis of race or ethnicity—for intensive inquiry, scrutinizing,
or investigation.

• Employee Effort
– Assessment of individual effort is a subjective judgment subject to
perceptual distortion and bias.
Thank you

Dr. Pooja Verma


School of Business Management
Shoolini University
Village Bajhol, Solan (H.P)

+919418362236(Mob No.)
[email protected]

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