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    Morphology of Ocean Floor

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    Morphology of Ocean Floor

    Uploaded by

    S Dhamodharan
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    4 views22 pages

    Morphology of Ocean Floor

    Uploaded by

    S Dhamodharan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Marine Geology

    Marine geology, also called geologic oceanography, scientific discipline that is


    concerned with all geological aspects of the continental shelves and slopes and the
    ocean basins. In practice, the principal focus of marine geology has been on marine
    sedimentation and on the interpretation of the many bottom samples that have been
    obtained through the years. The advent of the concept of seafloor spreading in the
    1960s, the scope of marine geology considerably broadened. Many investigations
    of mid-oceanic ridges, remanent magnetism of rocks on the seafloor, geochemical
    analyses of deep brine pools, and of seafloor spreading and continental drift may be
    considered within the general realm of marine geology.
    Morphology of Ocean Flore
    Outline
    _ Introduction
    _ Profile of Global elevations
    _ Morphology of the Ocean Floor
    A - Continental Margins
    B - Ocean Basin morphology
    C - Oceanic Ridges and Rises
    D - Ocean Trenches
    E – Island Arcs
    F – Marginal Ocean Basin
    G – Plateau

    _Conclusion
    _ References
    Introduction
    ** Oceans make up 70% of the earth s surface .
    •There are hundreds of seas and oceans in the world. Among them, the
    five major oceans are:

    _ Atlantic

    _ Pacific

    _ Indian

    _ Arctic

    _ Southern
    Lithospheric Crust
    • Earth’s crust is divided into continental and
    oceanic crusts.
    • The oceanic crust is thin and the continental
    crust is thick.
    The Oceanic Crust :

    Structure
    and
    Composition

    Of Ocean Floor
    Profile Of Global Elevation

    The Hypsometric Curve of Surface of the solid Earth


    Morphology of Ocean Floor :

    • The major features of the ocean floor are :


    Continental Margins :

    1. Continental Shelf
    2. Continental Slope
    3. Continental Rise
    *Continental shelf :
    The zone around the continents, extending from the low-waterline to the depth at which there is a marked increase in slope to greater depth.

    * Continental slope :
    The declivity from the outer edge of the continental shelf into greater depths.

    * Continental rise :
    At the base of continental slopes , the steep gradients of the slope decreases to 1 degree or less continuing into the abyssal hills or plains.
    Submarine Canyons
    • The continental shelf and slope regions are
    characterised by the presence of
    • A) Submarine canyons
    • B) Alluvial fans
    • C) Deep cut valleys.
    The Ocean Basin Floor

    1. Abyssal floor
    2. Seamounts and Guyots
    1. Abyssal floor :

    Abyssal floor are broad ,relatively smooth surfaces and consist of two
    sections :

    (i) Abyssal plains : The abyssal plain is the flattest of all Earth ‘s surface areas.
    They are composed of sediments , most of which came from continents and can be
    more than one km thick.

    (ii) Abyssal hills : The abyssal hills are small, rolling hills often occurring
    in groups near to ocean ridge systems.
    2. Seamounts and Guyots
    Ocean Trenches

    • Ocean trenches are steep depressions in the


    deepest parts of the ocean [where old ocean crust
    from one tectonic plate is pushed beneath another
    plate, raising mountains, causing earthquakes, and
    forming volcanoes on the seafloor and on land.
    Marianas Trench
    Distribution of Ridge of the world
    Marginal Ocean Basins

    The Marginal ocean Basins are depression in the ocean


    bottom lying between either island arcs and continents
    (Sea of Japan , Sea of Okhotsk ) or between two separate
    parallel island arcs (Philippines Sea).
    Plateaus
    Plateau also called micro-continental are submarine elevation
    of considerable extent with relatively flat tops.
    They rise upto 1 or 2 km but do not reach the ocean surface.

    Oceanic plateaus
    References
    Oceanography By ( K.Siddhartha)

    The changing Earth By ( James S. Monroe . Reed Wicander )

    The Global Sea By( Harris B . Stewart,Jr)

    The Deep –Ocean Floor By (H.W.Menard)

    Also with some random online materials

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