Unit – 2

Cloud Computing Fundamentals

 Cloud Computing Fundamentals
Part 1

(1)Motivation for cloud computing

(2) Need for Cloud

(3) Defining the Cloud computing

(4) Principles of cloud

(5) Five Essential characteristics

(6) Four Deployment Models

 Motivation for Cloud Computing

• The users who are in need of computing are expected to invest more money on computing resources
such as hardware, software, networking, and storage; this investment naturally costs a bulk currency
to buy these computing resources, all these tasks would add cost huge expenditure to the classical
academics and individuals.
• On the other hand, it is easy and handy to get the required computing power and resources from
some provider (or supplier) as and when it is needed and pay only for that usage. This would cost
only a reasonable investment or spending, compared to the huge investment when buying the entire
computing infrastructure. This phenomenon can be viewed as capital expenditure versus operational
expenditure.
• As one can easily assess the huge lump sum or smaller lump sum required for the hiring or getting
the computing infrastructure only to the tune of required time, and rest of the time free from that.
• Cloud computing is a mechanism of bringing–hiring or getting the services of the computing power or
infrastructure to an organizational or individual level to the extent required and paying only for the
consumed services.
Example : Electricity in our homes or offices

Some of the reasons to go for Cloud computing are :

 Cloud computing is very Economical and saves a lot of money.

 A blind benefit of this computing is that even if we lose our laptop or due to some crisis our personal
computer—and the desktop system—gets damaged, still our data and files will stay safe and secured as
these are not in our local machine (but remotely located at the provider’s place—machine).
 It is a fast solution growing in popularity because of storage especially among individuals and small-
and medium-sized companies (SMEs).
 Thus, cloud computing comes into focus and much needed subscription based or pay-per-use service
model of offering computing to end users or customers over the Internet and thereby extending the IT’s
existing capabilities.
 In Figure 2.1 shows several cloud computing applications cloud represents the Internet-based
computing resources, and the accessibility is through some secure support of connectivity.
NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

The formal definition of cloud computing comes from the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST): “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
 Principles of Cloud computing

The 5-4-3 principles put forth by NIST describe :

(a) Five essential characteristic features that promote cloud computing

(b) Four deployment models that are used to narrate the cloud computing opportunities for Customers
while looking at architectural models.

(c) Three important and basic service offering models of cloud computing
(a)Five Essential Characteristics
Cloud computing has five essential characteristics, which are shown in Figure 2.2. Readers can note
the word essential, which means that if any of these characteristics is missing, then it is not cloud
computing:
1. On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server

time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each
service’s provider.

2. Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard
mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones,
laptops, and personal digital assistants [PDAs])

3. Elastic resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers
using a multitenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer
generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able
to specify the location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center ). Examples of
resources include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
4. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically,
to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available
for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased

in any quantity at any time.

5. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a
metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,
processing , bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and
reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
(b) Four Cloud Deployment Models
Deployment models also called as types of models. These deployment models describe the ways
with which the cloud services can be deployed or made available to its customers, depending on the
organizational structure and the provisioning location. One can understand it in this manner too:
cloud (Internet)-based computing resources—that is, the locations where data and services are
acquired and provisioned to its customers—can take various forms. Four deployment models are
usually distinguished, namely,
(1) Public
(2) Private
(3) Community, and
(4) Hybrid cloud service usage

Note : Refer Unit 1 Cloud computing Types of models for more information
(c) Three Service Offering Models

Note : Refer Unit 1 Cloud computing services for more information

AWS Case study

Organizations had a difficult time finding, storing, and managing all of your data. Not
only that, running applications, delivering content to customers, hosting high traffic
websites, or backing up emails and other files required a lot of storage. Maintaining
the organization’s repository was also expensive and time-consuming for several
reasons. Challenges included the following:
 Having to purchase hardware and software components
 Requiring a team of experts for maintenance
 A lack of scalability based on your requirements
 Data security requirements
These issues are solved by AWS S3 .
• AWS service for storage is S3 Bucket, One of its most powerful and commonly used storage services is
Amazon S3. AWS S3 (“Simple Storage Service”) enables users to store and retrieve any amount of data
at any time or place, giving developers access to highly scalable, reliable, fast, and inexpensive
data storage. Designed for 99.999999999 percent durability, AWS S3 also provides easy management
features to organize data for websites, mobile applications, backup and restore, and many other
applications.

• An Another example of cloud application is a web-based e-mail (e.g., Gmail, Yahoo mail); in this
application, the user of the e-mail uses the cloud—all of the emails in their inbox are stored on servers
at remote locations at the e-mail service provider.

• However, there are many other services that use the cloud in different ways. Here is yet another
example: Dropbox is a cloud storage service that lets us easily store and share files with other people
and access files from a mobile device as well.

Note : s3 bucket creation and procedure in part 2 ppt