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SDWU-Session 2

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11 views7 pages

SDWU-Session 2

Uploaded by

MS Dhoni version
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING

Feature : Objects and Classes


Objects and Classes
•Class is a user defined data type, which holds its own data members and
member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating instance of
that class.

–Attributes – member of a class.


• An attribute is the data defined in a class that maintains the
current state of an object. The state of an object is
determined by the current contents of all the attributes.

–Methods – member functions of a class

2
Objects and classes
• A class itself does not exist; it is merely a description of an object.
• A class can be considered a template for the creation of object

• Blueprint of a building  class


• Building  object

• An object exists and is definable.


• An object exhibits behavior, maintains state, and has traits. An object can
be manipulated.
• An object is an instance of a class.

3
Methods
• A method is a function that is part of the class definition. The methods of a
class specify how its objects will respond to any particular message.

• A method is a collection of statements that perform some specific task and


return the result to the caller. A method can perform some specific task
without returning anything.

• Methods allow us to reuse the code without retyping the code.

• A message is a request, sent to an object, that activates a method (i.e., a


member function).

4
Defining a Base Class - Example
•A base class is not defined on, nor does it inherit members from, any
other class.

#include <iostream>
using std::cout; //this example “uses” only the necessary
using std::endl; // objects, not the entire std namespace

class Fraction {
public:
void assign (int, int); //member functions
double convert();
void invert();
void print();
private:
int num, den; //member data
};
Continued…
5
Using objects of a Class - Example
The main() function:

int main()
{
Fraction x;
x.assign (22, 7);
cout << "x = "; x.print();
cout << " = " << x.convert() << endl;
x.invert();
cout << "1/x = "; x.print(); cout << endl;
return 0;
}

Continued…
6
Defining a Class – Example
Class Implementation:

void Fraction::assign (int numerator, int denominator)


{
num = numerator;
den = denominator;
}

double Fraction::convert ()
{
return double (num)/(den);
}

void Fraction::invert()
{
int temp = num;
num = den;
den = temp;
}

void Fraction::print()
{
7
cout << num << '/' <

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