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Lecture9 (Introduction To Internet)

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5 views

Lecture9 (Introduction To Internet)

Uploaded by

Karim Ullah PW ELE BATCH 22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Basic Computing and

Programming

Lecture # 10:
Introduction to Internet
Today’s Aim
 What is Internet?
 Key Characteristics
 Components of the Internet
 Internet Addressing – the Domain Names
 DNS
 Tools and Services on the Internet
 Statistics
 History of Internet

2
What is Internet?

 A network of networks
 Connects computers around the Globe
 Not owned by any Organization or a person
 Thousands of users connect to and
disconnect from it daily
 For students; a great resource for research
activities

3
Key Characteristics
 Geographic Distribution
 Worldwide Acceptance
 Continued Exponential Growth
 Robust Architecture
 Speed
 Universal Access
 Standardized flow of Info
 Self-Learning Made Easy
 Freedom of Speech
 The Digital Advantage-Packet Switching

4
Components of the Internet

 The key components of the Internet are:


 Clients
 Servers
 Protocols

5
Components of the Internet

 Clients
 The users (or computers) connected to the
Internet are called clients
 The software running on the user-end are called
Client-Software
 Examples:
 Browsers
 Messengers
 FTP software

6
Components of the Internet

 Servers
 The machines dedicated to providing different
services to the users/clients are called Servers
 For example, File Servers, Web Servers, Game
Servers, Streaming Servers etc.
 Servers run special software to serve the clients,
e.g., Apache, PHP, MySQL etc.

7
Components of the Internet

 Protocols
 A standard set of rules for communication over
the Internet
 Examples:
 HTTP (hyper-text-transfer protocol)
 FTP (file-transfer protocol)
 SMTP (simple-mail-transfer protocol)
 POP3 (post-office-protocol)

8
Components of the Internet
 Protocols (continued)
 HTTP
 used while retrieving a web page from a web-server
 FTP
 involved in downloading a file from a file-server
 SMTP
 used to send e-mail
 POP3
 used for receiving e-mail

9
Components of the Internet

 Protocols (continued)
 TCP/IP

 The protocols’ suit of choice for use over the


Internet
 Developed by DoD on Unix (1980s)
 TCP responsible for forming the packets
 IP responsible for Routing
 TCP responsible for Reassembly at the
destination

10
Internet Addressing

 Recall the Global IP addresses; used to


identify a machine worldwide
 But IP address being a number can’t be
remembered easily
 So every Global IP address is mapped to a
‘Domain Name’, easily remembered
 Examples of Domain Names;
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.org

11
DNS

 DNS (Domain Name System)


 It is the system which enables to find out the IP
address; given a Domain Name
 Domain Name Servers are the key components of
this system
 These servers run databases containing the
names and IPs of machines on the Internet
 These name servers also exchange messages to
update one another

12
Tools and Services on Internet

 e-Mail
 Instant Messaging-Chat
 Remote Login
 File Transfer
 Newsgroups
 Games
 WWW

13
Internet Users Worldwide

14
Users Statistics (continued)
WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICS

Population Population Internet Usage, % Population Usage Usage Growth

World Regions ( 2007 Est.) % of World Latest Data ( Penetration ) % of World 2000-2007

Africa 933,448,292 14.20% 43,995,700 4.70% 3.50% 874.60%

Asia 3,712,527,624 56.50% 459,476,825 12.40% 36.90% 302.00%

Europe 809,624,686 12.30% 337,878,613 41.70% 27.20% 221.50%

Middle East 193,452,727 2.90% 33,510,500 17.30% 2.70% 920.20%

North America 334,538,018 5.10% 234,788,864 70.20% 18.90% 117.20%

Latin America/Caribbean 556,606,627 8.50% 115,759,709 20.80% 9.30% 540.70%

Oceania / Australia 34,468,443 0.50% 19,039,390 55.20% 1.50% 149.90%

WORLD TOTAL 6,574,666,417 100.00% 1,244,449,601 18.90% 100.00% 244.70%

15
Pakistan’s Statistics

 1.2M Internet users in Internet Users Stats for Pakistan

Pakistan in 5/2000 12000000

(1% of population) 10000000


8000000
Internet Users 6000000
 10.5 M (2005) 4000000
Year
Internet users
2000000
 12 M - 9/2006 (7.2% of 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

total Population) year

16
History

 1858-The Atlantic Cable


 1957-Sputnik
 1958-DoD establishes ARPA
 1962-Licklider Involves 4 Universities
 1969-BBN’s IMP
 1972-ARPANET’s Public Debut

17
History
 1972-email and @ symbol, Telnet Protocol
 1973-FTP
 1974-”Internet” used for the first time
 1978-UUCP
 1979-Usenet
 1980-DoD Replaces NCP by TCP/IP
 1981-BITNET for IBM
 Listserve

18
History
 1983-TCP/IP becomes Universal
 1986-NSFNet, a 56Kbps connection
 1989-56Kbps upgraded to 1.5Mbps T1
connection
 1989-Archie
 WAIS
 1990-ARPANET dissolved
 1991-Gopher came into Being

19
History

 1993-WWW
 1993-NSFNet upgraded to T3 (45Mbps)
 1993-1994 - Web browsers Mosaic &
Netscape Navigator are introduced
 1995-NSFNet6 replaced by vBNS

20
 Internet vs WWW?

 Internet vs Intranet?

21

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