Setting up a LAN

 Hereare some serious questions you

need to consider before deciding to
put up a computer network:

 What high-speed service is available in the

area?
 How much will it cost?
 How many computers will be on your
network?
 What hardware needs to be purchased?
 What kind of wiring is required?
Installation Procedures
1. Preparation
• UTP cables and RJ-45 connectors, and necessary tools and
materials for cabling
• Network devices such switches/hub
• PCs with NIC
2. Decide what IP addresses and network identities to be
utilized
• Network Address
• Host Addresses
• Identify the Computer name
• Identify the Workgroup name
3. Verifying the connection using network monitors
• IPCONFIG – Diagnostic command that displays all current
TCP/IP network configuration values
• PING (Packet Internet Groper) - A TCP/IP utility to test
network connections. Works by sending a message to a
remote computer.
Standard Setup of LAN with
cable or DSL modem
I. Preparation
• Run the UTP cable (straight) between each
computer and the Hub/switch. It’s safer to do it
when the computer is turned off.
II. Network Configuration
 Computer name: A name assigned by you to a
computer (each computer on the network should have a
unique name). Avoid punctuation marks. These names
are frequently used in network configurations.
 Workgroup Name: A group name you can assign to all
the computers on your network (or you can use the
default).
 Computer Description: A caption that gives users on
your local network information about an individual
computer.
 IP Address: is an address used to uniquely identify a
device on an IP network. It is made up of 32 binary bits
which can be divisible into a network portion and host
portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32 binary
bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits).
Example: 192.168.0.1
 The IP Address
Each IP address has two parts --- a network ID and
a host ID.
 The network ID identifies a physical network. All
host on the same network require the same network
ID, which should be unique to the Internet.
 The host ID identifies a workstation, server, router,
or other TCP/IP host within the network. The host ID
must be unique to the network ID. Each TCP/IP host
is identified by a logical IP address. A unique IP
address is required for all hosts and network
components that communicate using TCP/IP.
Network ID and Host ID

11000000 00000101 00100010 00001011

1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte
octet 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
W X Y Z

192 . 5 . 34 . 11
1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 1
octet 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits Byte
W X Y Z8
bits

192 . 5 . 34 . 12

Network ID Host ID
Address Classes
 There are different classes of IP addresses. Each
class defines the part of the IP address which
identifies the network ID and the part which
identifies the host ID.
 The Internet community has defined IP address
classes to accommodate networks of varying
sizes. Microsoft TCP/IP supports class A, B, and
C addresses defines which bits are used for the
network ID and which bits are used for the host
ID. The class also defines the possible number of
networks and the number of host per network.
 Class IP Address Network ID Host ID
A w.x.y.z w x.y.z
B w.x.y.z w.x y.z
C w.x.y.z w.x.y z

Class A Network ID Host ID

Class B Network ID Host ID

Class C Network ID Host ID

W X Y Z
Class Number of Number of host Range of Network
Networks per networks Ids (first octet)

A 126 16,777,214 1---126

B 16,384 65,534 128 -- 191
C 2,097,152 254 192 -- 223
 Class D
Class D address are used for multicast group
usage. A multicast group can contain one or
more host, or none at all. The four high order
bits in a class D are always set to 1110.
 Class E
Class E is an experimental address not
available for general use because it is reserve
for future use. The four high order bits in a
class E are always set to 1111.
Subnet Masks
A network mask helps you know which portion
of the address identifies the network and which
portion of the address identifies the node. Class A,
B, and C networks have default masks,

Class A 255 0 0 0

Class B 255 255 0 0

Class C 255 255 255 0

Configuring the Network
From the Start menu, open the Control Panel :
 Click on Network and Internet Connections
and then click on Network Connections.
 Double-click on Network Connections.
 This will show a Network Connection window,
which will show your Local Area Connection
Entering Your Host Name
In the Network Connections window click on the menu
option Advanced and choose Network Identification to
bring up the System Properties dialog box.
Click on the button Change to bring up the Computer Name
Changes dialog box.
Here you should enter your hostname into the Computer
name field and network name in the Workgroup field, as
shown below.
Checking / Installing TCP/IP
In the Network Connections window (opened as
described above), right click on the icon for the Local
Area Connection and from the menu that appears,
choose Properties.
The component Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) must
be present and shown with a √ (tick) in the check-
box. Highlight then click Properties.
From the TCP/IP properties, click Use the following
IP address. Enter the assigned IP address and
Subnet mask in the field.

Default gateway and Preferred

DNS are configured if your network
will be connected to Internet
You can also configure the IP Addresses
automatically.
The option Obtain an IP address automatically should be
selected together with Obtain DNS server address
automatically.
Checking Network Connections with
Network Monitors
 From Start menu, click Run and type cmd to
open the command prompt.
 PING command
 Click on "Start". Click "Run". In the white box type
"Cmd" then click "OK" . You should get a black DOS
window with flashing cursor. At the flashing cursor
type "PING “ip address”, press Enter. You should get
4 replies from the IP address of the yahoo server.
 IPCONFIG command
 Click on "Start", then "Run". In the box, type "CMD"
and click on "OK". You will get a black DOS window
with a flashing cursor, type "IPCONFIG / ALL" and
press the ENTER key. It should display a list of all
adapters installed and their associated IP addresses.
Network Using 10BaseT
with Crossover cable
What is LAN?

A LAN, or Local Area Network is a group of

two or more computers, physically close
together (usually in the same building), that
are linked to each other. LANs can contain
devices other than computers, for example,
printers, print servers, storage devices, etc.
Types of connection method for a
LAN
 Ethernet
 Phone-line( dial-up and DSL)
 Wireless (Wi-fi)
 Direct Cable Connection (only for two
computers)
Two Common Types of Ethernet
Cabling
 Thin Ethernet (10 Base2) - Can run at a
maximum of 10Mbps.
 UTP Cable (10BaseT) – Can support up to
100Mbps.
Note: Maximum allowable cable lengths

Cable Type Max. Length

10Base2 600 feet
10BaseT (UTP 328 feet
Category 5)
Network Using 10Base2
Network Using 10BaseT

router

server
FOR 10/100BaseT LAN
Tools, Materials and Equipment Required
1. CAT5 cable
2. RJ-45 connector
3. Crimper/crimping tool
4. NIC/LAN card
5. Hub/ LAN Switch
6. Router
7. Modem/DSL modem
8. PC’s
 CAT5 cable
 Category 5 is the code name of the
industry standard network wire used
to connect computers, hubs,
routers, and modems together. It
consists of 4 color-coded twisted
pairs of wire.
 RJ-45 connector
 When using CAT5 the plug or RJ-45
connector is the male part. The jack
or port or receptacle is the female
part. You will need a good crimper.
 Crimper
CAT5 cable Color Coding Standards
The colors of the wires are important when wiring a
network according to standards. Wiring standards are
created by the EIA/TIA, and for UTP these are defined in
their 568A and 568 B standards. While 568B is more
popular, government contracts usually specify A, so know
both. The table below outlines the wiring of both standards.
568A(crossover) 568B(Straight)
1. White-Green 1. White-Orange
2. Green 2. Orange
3. White-Orange 3. White-Green
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. White-Blue 5. White-Blue
6. Orange 6. Green
7. White Brown 7. White-Brown
8. Brown 8. Brown
 The list below outlines the types of cables that
should be used in various scenarios.

PC to hub = straight
PC to switch = straight
Router to switch (or hub) = straight
Router to DSL modem = straight
 PC to PC = crossover
Switch to hub = crossover
 Network Interface Card / LAN card
 Each one of your computers need a network card. A
lot of the newer motherboards have built-in network
connections.
 If you select a 100/base-t network card remember
that all your computers on the network plus the hub
have to be operating at that speed. Otherwise it only
pushes 10 megabyte a second (which I think is plenty
fast anyway).
 HUB/LAN Switch
 A hub is just a brainless box that connects several computers
together with CAT-5 wire to form a local network. It does
need a power supply but it doesn’t really do much more than
blink at you. Each port on the hub has a light that tells you
that connectivity has been established with the computer at
the other end. If you are planning to connect about 4
computers together get a 6 or 8-port hub because sometimes
all the ports don’t work. 4-port hubs are hardly worth the
trouble.
 Hubs have different speeds. You can get a 10/base-t hub or a
100/base-t, which can really push some data,
 Router
 Ifyou want to connect your network to other network
or the internet you need router.
 Think of a router as a small computer that directs
outside traffic. Routers don't have to worry about
traffic within the local network. Routers can identify
each computer that is hooked up. Routers can also
act as firewalls, which do not permit people from the
outside world to see inside your local network and
fool around with your files.
 Modem
 If you have a telephone line and you want to
connect to internet thru dial-up connection,
you need a modem.
 If you want to avail DSL connection, cable
modem is usually offered as part of a
package by the ISP.