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Summary

cell structure and function

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26 views19 pages

Summary

cell structure and function

Uploaded by

AntenehMarelign
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summary

Cells structure and function


What are cells?
 Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.

 Structures of living things are determined by


the variety of ways in which cells are put
together

 The functions of an organism such as


obtaining oxygen, getting rid of wastes,
obtaining food, and growing are accomplished
by the involvement of cells
How and by whom are cells
discovered ?
 The invention of the microscope made it possible
for people to discover and learn about cells.

 Robert Hooke is the first person to discover cells


using his compound microscope
What does the Cell Theory Says?
 The cell theory states:

i. All living things are composed of cells.

ii. Cells are the basic units of structure and


function in living things.

iii. All cells are obtained from other cells.


What is the difference between Unicellular
and Multicellular organisms?

 Unicellular organisms
are composed of only
one cell. Example:
Bacteria

 Multicellular
organisms are
composed of many This dog is multicellular. The
cells. Example: dog, bacteria that live naturally on its
teeth are unicellular. Each green
human beings etc. sphere is a bacterial cell.
What are we going to get if we look
inside Cells?
 We will find smaller structures inside a cell,
called organelles

 Cell wall:
 is a rigid layer of non-living material that
surrounds the plant cells

 helps to protect and support the cell


 Cell Membrane:
 cell membrane forms the outside
boundary that separates the cell from its
environment

 It controls what substances come into and


out of a cell.
 Nucleus:
 is the cell's control center, directing all of the
cell's activities.

 It has an envelop called nuclear membrane


which control what is coming in and out of
nucleus

 Inside the nucleus found thin strands floating


called chromatin which contain genetic
material
 There is also Nucleolus inside the nucleus
where ribosomes are made
What is cytoplasm?

 It is a clear, thick, gel-like fluid that fills the


region between the cell membrane and the
nucleus.

 Many organelles found suspended in cytoplasm


What are the Organelles found suspended in the
Cytoplasm?
 The organelles found suspended in cytoplasm
are:

i. Mitochondria

 Known as the “powerhouses" of the cell

 Convert energy in food molecules to energy


the cell can use
ii. Endoplasmic Reticulum

 Is a maze of passage ways

 Used to transport material


throughout the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building.


Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic
reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
iii. Ribosomes

 Are small, grain like bodies found attached


to the surface of endoplasmic reticulum or
float in the cytoplasm

 Are known as protein factories as they


produce proteins
iv. Golgi Bodies
 They can be thought of as
the cell's mail room

 Receive proteins and


other newly formed
materials, package and
distribute materials both
inside and out side of the
cell. Golgi bodies are organelles that
package and transport materials
v. Chloroplasts

 It is a green organelle found in plant


cells only

 Capture energy from sunlight and use it


to produce food

vi. Vacuoles
 Are the storage areas of cells

 Store food, waste, and other necessary


materials for the cell
vii. Lysosomes
 Are small, round structures containing
chemicals that break down certain
materials in the cell.

 also break down old cell parts and release


the substances so they can be used again.

 Thus are consided as the cell's clean up


crew
1. What is a Cell?
2. State the characteristics of cells.
3. Highlight the cell structure and its components.
4. State the types of cells.
5. Elaborate Cell Theory.
6. What is the function of mitochondria in the cells?
7. What are the functions of the cell?
8. What is the function of Golgi bodies?
9. Who discovered the cell and how?
10.Name the cell organelle that contains hydrolytic
enzymes capable of breaking down organic matter.
11.Which cellular structure regulates the entry and exit
of molecules to and from the cell?

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