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Normalization 1

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19 views15 pages

Normalization 1

This my document

Uploaded by

sriniha1005
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NORMALIZATION

Presented by
G.MURUGAN B.Tech(CSE),ME(SWE),
INTRODUCTION

• DATA BASE
• EXAMPLES OF DATA BASE
• DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• APPLICATION AREAS DBMS
• NORMALIZATION
• PURPOSE OF NORMALIZATION
• NOMALIZATION FORMS
DATA BASE- The collection of interrelated data organized
meaningfully for a specific purpose is called database.
EXAMPLES OF DATABASE-
• The database in a college may contain the particulars of
students.
• Staffs
• Books in the library
• Marks of students, etc.,
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS- Database
management system consists of a collection of interrelated data
and set of programs to access that data.
APPLICATION AREAS DBMS
• Banking and financial services, Tourism, ATM, Transport etc.,
Normalization

• Normalization is an essential part of database design


• A good understanding of the semantics of data helps the
designer
• To build efficient design using the concept of normalization.
Purpose of Normalization

• Minimize redundancy in data.


• Remove insert, delete and update anomaly during database
activities.
• Reduce the need to reorganize data when it is modified.
• Normalization reduces a complex user view to a set of small
and stable subgroups of fields.
NORMALIZATION FORMS

• 1NF First normal form- A relation is in first normal form if


every attribute in every row can contain only one single
atomic value.
• 2NF Second normal form- A relation is in second normal
from if it is in 1NF and every non key attribute is fully
functionally dependent on the primary key.
• 3NF Third normal form- A relation is in 3NF if it is in 2NF
and no non key attribute is transitively dependent on the
primary key
• BCNF Boyce codd normal form- No reverse dependency
table should be in 3NF, there should not be reverse
dependency, for every dependency B->A, A is super key.
1 NF(First normal form)

FIRST LAST COURSE


NAME NAME NAME
ARUN KUMAR JAVA,C+
+,PHP
BABU RAM PHP,JAVA
GANESH RAJ C++,JAVA
After Normalization

FIRST NAME LAST COURSE


NAME NAME
ARUN KUMAR JAVA
ARUN KUMAR C++
ARUN KUMAR PHP
BABU RAM PHP
BABU RAM JAVA
GANESH RAJ C++
GANESH RAJ JAVA
2NF (Second normal form)

• Example
Student(stuid,stuname,profid,profname,grade)
• Attributes stuid and profid are the identification key.
• Attribute student name is functionally dependent on attributes.
profid(profid->profname)
stuid(stuid->stuname)
• Attribute grade is fully functional dependent on stuid and
profid
Stuid Stuname Profid Profname Grade
1 Arun 3 Govind 5
2 Raja 2 Venkatram 4
3 Babu 1 Moorthy 6

After 2NF

Stuid Stuname Profid ProfName Stuid Profid Grade


1 Moorthy 1 3 5
1 Arun
2 Raja 2 Venkatram 2 2 4
3 Babu 3 Govind 3 1 6
3NF(Third normal form)
No Transitive dependency

Regno Name Mark Grade


AC001 Prem 70 C
AC002 Kavin 90 A
AC003 Santhosh 89 B
AC004 Hari 65 D
• Column C-> depend on->column B
• Column B-> depend on->column A
• Column C-> depend on->column A (Where A is a primary
key)
Remove this transitive dependency

Regno Name Mark Grade


AC001 Prem 70 C
AC002 Kavin 90 A
AC003 Santhosh 89 B
AC004 Hari 65 D

Regno Name Mark Grade Mark range


AC001 Prem 70 A 91-100
B 81-90
AC002 Kavin 90 C 71-80
AC003 Santhosh 89 D 61-70
AC004 Hari 65 E 51-60
BCNF
NO REVERSE DEPENDENCY

• Professor will handle only one course


• But a single course will be handle by multiple professor
• Professor column is depended on key(regno+course)
• Course dependent on professor (course is super key not in
BCNF)
RENO COURSE PROFESSOR
ACOO1 JAVA MOORTHY
ACOO2 C VENKATRAM
ACOO3 JAVA RAMKUMAR
ACOO4 C++ GOVIND
HOW TO REMOVE THE REVERSE DEPENDENCY
REGNO PROFESSOR PROFESSOR PROFESSOR COURS
ID ID NAME E
AC001 P1
P1 MOORTHY JAVA
AC002 P2 P2 VENKATRAM C
AC003 P3 P3 RAMKUMAR JAVA
AC004 P4 P4 GOVIND C++

• Remove the column professor and course and add professor id


• Add new table with professor id, professor name and course
• Now it is in BCNF no reverse dependency
THANKYOU

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