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Lecture 01 Introduction To Computers

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8 views29 pages

Lecture 01 Introduction To Computers

Uploaded by

alisheykhan740
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Computer

Contents

 Introduction
 Computer System  Usage of Computers
 Hardware  Computers in the Home
 Input  Computers in Education
 Processing  Computers on the Job
 Memory  Computers on the Go
 Output  Computer in industry
 Software
 System Software
 Application Software
 Type of Computer Users
Course Detail
 Course Title: Computer Applications in Business
 Course Code :
 Credit Hours: 03 credit hours
 Course pre-requisites: None
 Course Facilitator: Mehwish
Books
 Learning Material/References:
 Computers: Information Technology in Perspective, 9/e by Larry Long and
Nancy Long, Prentice Hall, 2002/ISBN: 0130929891.
 An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider and Gersting, Brooks/Cole
 Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow
Introduction
 Before 1980
 Computers were large, expensive
 Very few people had access to them
 Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks
 Microcomputers in the early 80s
 Inexpensive personal computers.
 Computer use increased dramatically.
Computer System
 Computer:
 A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations
on that data, and stores the information or results if needed.
 Computers follow instructions, called programs, which determine the tasks
the computer will perform.
 Basic operations
 Input: Entering data into the computer
 Processing: Performing operations on the data
 Output: Presenting the results
 Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use
 Communications: Sending or receiving data
Computer System
Computer System
Computer System (Data Vs. Information)
 Data
 Raw, unorganized facts
 Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video
 Information
 Data that has been processed into a meaningful form
 Information processing
 Converting data into information
Computer System (Data Vs. Information)
Computer System (Hardware)
 Hardware: The physical parts of a computer
 Hardware is mainly divided in four categories:
 Input Devices
 Processing Devices
 Storage Devices
 Output Devices
Computer System (Hardware)
Computer System (Hardware)
 Input devices
 Used to input data into the computer.
 E.g. Keyboards, mousee, scanners, cameras, microphones, joysticks, touch
pads, touch screens, fingerprint readers, etc.
Computer System (Hardware)
 Processing devices
 Brains of the computer
 Process the data, Perform calculations and control computer’s operation
 Computers may have several processors
 Made of silicon and copper.
Computer System (Hardware)
 Memory Devices
 Stores data or programs
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Volatile
 Stores current data and programs
 More RAM results in a faster system
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Permanent storage of programs.
 Holds the computer boot directions.
Computer System (Hardware)
 Memory Devices
 Storage Devices
 Hold data and programs permanently
 E.g. Hard drive, CD-ROM, etc
Computer System (Hardware)
 Output Devices
 Output devices deliver data to the user of computer
 Monitor, printer, speaker

 Note: Some devices are input and output


 E.g. Touch screens
Computer System (Software)
 Software:
 The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
 System software:
 Operating system starts up the computer and controls its operation
 Without OS computer cannot function
 Boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s direction.
 Most use a GUI ( Graphic User Interface) to interact with the user via
windows, icons, menus, buttons, etc.
 Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc.
Computer System (Software)
Types of Computer Users
 Usage of Computers
 Computers in the Home
 Computers in Education
 Computers on the Job
 Computers on the Go
 Computer in industry
Usage of Computers
 Looking up information and news
 Exchanging e-mail
 Shopping and paying bills
 Watching TV and videos
 Downloading music and movies
 Organizing digital photographs
 Playing games
 Telecommuting:
 The use of computers and networking technology to enable an individual
to work from a remote location.
Computers in the Home
 Smart appliances (Equipments)
 Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication
technology i-e refrigerators or ovens
 Smart homes
 Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the
house
 Turning the air conditioning on or off
 Monitoring the security of the home and grounds
 Wireless Networking
 Computers can be used in nearly any location
Computers in the Home
Computers in Education
 Many students today have access to computers either in a classroom or a
computer lab
 Wireless hotspots (particular area) allow usage of personal laptops to connect
to the college network
 Distance learning
 Students use computer and internet to learn the things from remote
locations
Computers in Education
Computers on the Job
 Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making,
productivity, and communication
 Used by all types of employees
 Used for access control and other security measures
 Used extensively by the military
 Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer
skills
Computers on the Job
Computers on the Go
 Consumer kiosks (Stalls/Booths)
 Small self-service computer-based stations that provide information or
other services to the public, including those used for:
 ATM transactions
 Ticketing systems
 M-Commerce System
Computers on the Go

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