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    Amplitude Modulation

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    manjula u r
    modulation

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    Amplitude Modulation

    Uploaded by

    manjula u r
    8 views68 pages
    modulation

    Original Title

    1AM

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    modulation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views68 pages

    Amplitude Modulation

    Uploaded by

    manjula u r
    modulation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 68

    Amplitude Modulation

    Modulation
    It is the process of varying the characteristics of
    high frequency carrier in accordance with
    instantaneous values of modulating or message
    or baseband signal.
    (Or)
    It is a frequency translation technique which
    converts baseband or low frequency signal to
    bandpass or high frequency signal.

    Modulation is used in the transmitter.


    Types of Modulation
    Types of Modulation
    • Amplitude Modulation: Amplitude of the carrier
    is varied in accordance with the instantaneous
    values of modulating signal.

    • Frequency Modulation: Frequency of the carrier


    is varied in accordance with the instantaneous
    values of modulating signal.

    • Phase Modulation: Phase of the carrier is varied


    in accordance with the instantaneous values of
    modulating signal.
    Benefits or Need of Modulation
    • To reduce the length or height of antenna

    • For multiplexing

    • For narrow banding or to use antenna with single


    or same length

    • To reduce noise effect

    • To avoid equipment limitation or to reduce the


    size of the equipment.
    Phase Reversal
    Envelope is, 5

    Ac[1+kam(t)] 4

    Cos(2πfct) 0

    -1

    -2

    -3

    -4

    -5
    0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
    mt  s t 
    1.5 1.5

    1 1
    |M(f)|

    |Y(f)|
    0.5 0.5

    0 0
    0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
    Frequency (Hz)
    Frequency (Hz)
    Total power in AM wave is, PTotal  Pc  PUSB  PLSB
    A 2
     A  A
    2 2 2 2
     c
     
    c c
    2R 8R 8R
    Ac2   2  2 
     1   
    2R  4 4 
    Ac2   2 
     1  
    2R  2 

     PTotal 
    Then the modulation index is,   2  1
     Pc 
    1. An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π x 500t) is used to
    amplitude modulate a carrier of 50 sin(2π x 105t). Calculate,
    •Modulation Index
    •Sideband frequencies
    •Amplitude of each sideband frequencies
    •Bandwidth required
    •Total power delivered to the load of 600Ω
    Solution: Am=10, Ac=50:
    • μ=Am/Ac = 10/50 = 0.2 or 20%.
    • fm=500Hz, fc=100 kHz
    fUSB = fc+fm=100 kHz + 500 Hz = 100.5 kHz
    fLSB = fc – fm = 100 kHz - 500 Hz = 99.5 kHz
    • Amplitude of Upper & Lower side frequencies,  Ac
    2
    0.2  50
     5 V
    2
    Am=10, Ac=50, fm=500 Hz, fc=100 kHz
    • Bandwidth of AM wave is = 2fm = 2 x 500 Hz = 1000 Hz = 1 kHz.
    • Total power delivered to the load is =

    Ac2   2  50 2  0.2 2 
    PTotal  1    1    2.125 watts
    2R  2  2  600  2 
    2. A 400 W carrier is modulated to a depth of 80%, calculate the
    total power in the modulated wave .

     2   0.82 
    PTotal  Pc 1    400  1    528 watts
     2   2 
    ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

    3. Carrier wave of frequency f = 1mHz with pack


    voltage of 20V used to modulated a signal of
    frequency 1kHz with pack voltage of 10v. Find out
    the following
    (i) μ?
    (ii) Frequencies of modulated wave?
    (iii) Bandwidth
    (ii) frequencies of modulated wave
    f → fc, fc + fm and fc – fm
    fc = 1mHz, fm = 1kHz
    fc + fm = 1×106 + 1×103 = 1001 ×103 = 1001 kHz
    fc – fm = 1×106 – 1×103 = 999 × 103 = 999 kHz
    (iii) Band width: (W)
    (W) = upper side band frequency – lower side
    band frequency
    = fc + fm – (fc – fm)
    = 2fm = 1001 kHz – 999 kHz = 2 kHz

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