Lecture Six - Purlins & Sheetings

Design of Beam
{ Design of Purlin & Sheet Rails

Purlins
Types and uses
The purlin is a beam and it supports roof decking on flat roofs or
cladding on sloping roofs on industrial buildings.
Members used for purlins are shown in figure, These are coled-
rolled sections are now used on most industrial buildings.
Loading
The weight of roofing are varies from 0.3 to 1.0 KN/m 2
- Purlin carrying sheeting are usually spaced from 1.4 – 2.0 m centers.
Joists carrying roof decking can be spaced at larger centers up to 6 m
or more, depending on the thickness of decking sheet and depth of
profile.
- Imposed loading for roof is specified in BS 6399
- Flat roofs
Imposed load on flat roof and sloping roofs up to and including 10 0
is 1.5 KN/m2 measured on plan or 1.8 KN concentrated for accessible
roofs, and 0.6 KN/m2 or 0.9 KN concentrated for no access roofs.
Sloping roofs
On roofs with slopes greater than 100 with no access provided to the
roof. The following imposed loads including snow, shall be allowed
for:
a) For a roof slope of 300 or less, 0.6 KN/m2 measured on plan or
vertical load of 0.9 KN concentrated.
b) For a roof slope of 600 or more, no allowance is necessary. For roof
slopes between 300 and 600, a uniformly distributed load of 0.6[(60 
- )/30] KN/m2 measured on plan where  is the roof slope.
Wind loads are generally upward, or cause suction on all but
steeply sloping roofs.
Purlin for a flat roof
These members are designed as beams with the decking provided
full lateral restrained to the top flange. If the ceiling is directly
connected to the bottom flange the deflection due to imposed load
may need to be limited to span / 360.
Purlin for a sloping roof
The load on an interior purlin is from a width of roof equal to the
purlin spacing S. The load is made up of dead and imposed load
acting vertically downwards.
Design of purlins to BS 5950
The code states that the cladding may be assumed to provide
restraint to an angle section or to the face against which it is
connected in the case of other section.
The empirical design method is set out in the code, and the general
requirements are:
1- The member should be of steel to a minimum of grade S275
2- Unfactored loads are used in the design
3- The span is not to exceed 6.5 m center to center of main supports
4- If the purlin spans one bay it must be connected by at least two
bolts at each ends
5- If the purlins are continuous over two or more bays with staggered
joints in adjacent lines, at least one end of any single bay member
should be connected by two or more bolts.
The rules for empirical design of angle purlins are:
1- The roof slope should not exceed 300
2- The load should be substantially uniformly distributed. Not more
than 10% of the total load should be due to other type of load;
3- The elastic modulus about axis parallel to the plane of cladding
should not be lass than the larger of Wp/1800 cm3 or Wq L/225 0 cm3,
where Wp is the total unfactored load on one span (KN) due to dead
and imposed load, Wq is the total unfactored load on one span (KN)
due to dead minus wind load and L is the span (mm);
4- Dimension D perpendicular to the plane of the cladding is not to be
less than L/45. Dimension B parallel to the plane of the cladding is not
to be less than L/60.
The code notes that where sag rods are provided the sag rod
spacing may be used to determine B only.
Cold-rolled purlins
cold-rolled purlins are almost exclusively adopted for industrial
buildings. The multibeam cold formed section and ultimate loads for
double-span purlins for a limit range of purlins are shown in Table
below. Note for use of the table are:
1- The loads tables show the ultimate loads that can be applied. The
section self-weight has not been deducted. Loadings have also been
tabulated that will produce the noted deflection
2- The loads given are based on lateral restraint being provided to the
top flange by the cladding
3- The values given are also the ultimate uplift load due to wind.
Example 1 Design of prulin for a flat roof
The roof consists of steel decking with insulation board, felt and
rolled-steel, Joist purlins wit a ceiling on the underside. The total dead
load is 0.9 KN/m2 and the imposed load is 1.5 KN/m2. The purlins
span 4 m and are at 2.5 m centers. The roof arrangement and loading
are shown in figure. Use steel grade S275 steel.
Dead load = 0.9 × 4 × 2.5 = 9 KN
Imposed load = 1.5 × 4 × 2.5 = 15 KN
Design load = ( 1.4 × 9) + ( 1.6 × 15) = 36.6 KN
Moment = 36.6 × 4 / 8 = 18.3 KN.m
Modulus Zreq = 18.3 × 103 /275 = 66.54 cm3
Try 89 × 89 × 19
Zx = 69 cm3 Ix = 307 cm4
Deflection due to imposed load
5  15  103  40003
  19.86
384  205  10  307  10
3 4
Span / 360 = 11.1 < 19.86 not o.k.

Increase section to 127 × 76 × 16 joist 16.5 kg/m
Ix = 571 cm4
  10.7 mm< span/360 = 11.1 mm Satisfactory
Example 2 Design of an angle purlin for a
slope roof
Design an angle for a roof with slope 1 in 2.5. The purlins are simply
supported and span 5.0 m between roof trusses at spacing of 1.6 m.
The total dead load, including purlin weight, is 0.32 KN/m 2 and wind
load is 0.7 KN/m2 on the slope and the imposed load is 0.6 KN/m2 on
plan. Use grade S275 steel. The arrangement of purlins on the roof
slope and loading are shown in the figure
Dead load on slope = 0.32 × 5 × 1.6 = 2.56 KN
Imposed load on plan = 0.6 × 5 × 1.6 (2.5/2.69)= 4.46 KN
Wind Load = 0.7 × 5 × 1.6 = 5.6 KN
Design load = 1.0 ×2.56 – 1.4× 5.6 = 5.28 KN (upleft)
Design load = (1.4 × 2.56) + ( 1.6 × 4.46) = 10.72 KN (gravity)
Moment = 10.72 × 5 / 8 = 6.7 KN.m
Assume that the angle bending about x-x axis resist the vertical
load. The horizontal component is taken by the sheeting.
Design strength Py = 275 N/mm2
Elastic modulus Zx = 6.7 × 103 /275 = 24.4 cm3
provide 125 × 75 × 8L × 12.2 kg/m
Zx = 29.6 cm3
Deflection need not to be checked in this case.
Example 3. Design using empirical
method
Redesign the angle purlin above using the empirical method. The purlin
specified meets the requirements for the design rules.
Wp = total unfactored dead + imposed load = 7.02 kN,
Wq = total unfactored wind - dead load = 5.6 – 2.56 = 3.04 kN
7.02  5000
Zp   19.5cm3
1800
3.04  5000
Zq   6.82cm 3
2250
Elastic modulus, Z = 19.5 cm3.
Leg length perpendicular to plane of cladding,
D = 5000/45 = 111.1mm,
Leg length parallel to plane of cladding, B = 5000/60 = 83.3mm,
Provide 120 × 120 × 8L × 14.7 kg/m, Zx = 29.5 cm3.
Example 4. Select a cold-formed purlin to meet
the above requirements
Try purlin section P145130 from Table

Dead load on slope = 0.32 × 5 × 1.6 = 2.56 kN,
Imposed load on plan = 0.6 × 5 × 1.6 × 2.5/2.69 = 4.46 kN,
Wind load = 0.7 × 5 × 1.6 = 5.6 kN,
Design load (gravity) = (1.4 × 2.56) + (1.6 × 4.46) = 10.72 kN,
Design load (uplift) = (1.0 × 2.56) − (1.4 × 5.6) = −5.28 kN.
The section is satisfactory and is much lighter than angle section.
Sheeting Rails
Sheeting rails support cladding on walls and the sections used are
the same as those for the purlins.
Loading
Sheeting rails carry a horizontal load from the wind and a vertical
one from self-weight and the weight of the cladding. The cladding
materials are the same as used for sloping roofs (metal sheeting on
insulation board).Wind loads are estimated using BS 6399: Part 2. The
wind may act in either direction due to pressure or suction on the
building walls.
Sheeting rails may be designed as beams bending about two axes. It
is assumed for angle sheeting rails that the sheeting restrains the
member and bending takes place about the vertical and horizontal
axes.
The moment capacity is Mc = py Z
where Z is the elastic modulus for the appropriate axis.
For biaxial bending:
mx M x m y M y
 1
Py Z x Py Z y
mLT M LT m y M y
 1
Mb Py Z y
Design of angle sheeting rails to BS 5950-1: 2000
1- The loading should generally be due to wind load and weight of
cladding. Not more than 10 per cent should be due to other loads or
due to loads not uniformly distributed.
2- The elastic moduli for the two axes of the sheeting rail should not be
less than the following values from Table 28 in the code for an angle
a) y–y axis—parallel to plane of the cladding:
Z1 > W1L1/2250 cm3,
where W1 = Unfactored load on one rail acting perpendicular to the
plane of the cladding in kN. (This is the wind load.)
L1 = span in millimeters, centre to centre of columns.
b) x–x axis—perpendicular to the plane of the cladding:
Z2 > W2 L2 /1200 cm3,
where W2 = Unfactored load on one railing acting parallel to the
plane of the cladding in kN. (This is the weight of the
cladding and rail.)
L2 = Span centre to centre of columns or spacing of sag rods
where these are provided and properly supported.
3- The dimensions of the angle should not be less than the following:
D - perpendicular to the cladding < L1/45,
B - parallel to the cladding < L2/60.
L1 and L2 were defined above.
Cold-formed sheeting rails
The rail member is the Multibeam section placed with the major
axis vertical. For bay widths up to 6.1 m, a single tubular steel strut is
provided to support the rails at mid-span. The strut is supported by
diagonal wire rope ties and the cladding system can be levelled before
sheeting by adjusting the ties. The system is shown in Figure. For
larger width bays, two struts are provided.
Example 1: Design of an angle sheering
rail
A simply supported sheeting rail spans 5m. The rails are at 1.5m
centers. The total weight of cladding and self weight of rail is 0.32
kN/m2. The wind loading on the wall is ±0.5 kN/m2. The wind load
would have to be carefully estimated for the particular building and
the maximum suction and pressure may be different. The sheeting rail
arrangement is shown in Figure. Use Grade S275 steel.
Vertical load = 0.32 × 1.5 × 5 = 2.4 kN,
Horizontal load = 0.5 × 1.5 × 5 = 3.75 kN.
Factored vertical moment, Mcx = 1.4 × 2.4 × 5/8 = 2.10 kN.m,
Factored horizontal moment, Mcy = 1.4 × 3.75 × 5/8 = 3.28 kN.m.
Design strength, py = 275N/mm2.
Try 100 × 100 × 10 L where Z = 24.6 cm3.
The moment capacity for Unrestrained angle beam: Section 4.3.8.3
of the code
Mb = 0.8 × 275 × 24.6 × 10−3 = 5.41 kNm.
The biaxial bending interaction relationship:
Mx My 2.1 3.28
    0.87  1.0
M b M cy 5.41 6.76
Provide 100 × 100 × 10 L × 15 kg/m.

For the outstand leg, blt = 10 compact.
Example 2. Design using empirical
method
Redesign the angle sheeting rail above using the empirical method
from BS 5950.
Unfactored wind load W1 = 3.75 kN.
Elastic modulus Z1 = Zy = 3.75 × 5000/2250 = 8.33 cm 3.
Unfactored dead load W2 = 2.4 kN.
Elastic modulus Z2 = Zx = 2.4 × 5000/1200 = 10.0 cm3.
Dimensions specified are to be
D - perpendicular to cladding <5000/45 = 111.1mm,
B - parallel to cladding <5000/60 = 83.3mm.
120 × 120 × 8 L is the smallest angle to meet all the requirements.
Example 3. Select a cold-rolled sheeting
railWind load = ±0.5 kN/m ,2
Span = 5.0m, Spacing = 1.5m.

Try cladding rail section P145155 from Table
Design Vertical load = 1.4 × 2.4 = 3.36 kN.
Horizontal load = 0.5 × 1.5 × 5 = 3.75 kN,
Design load (pressure or suction) = 1.4 × 3.75 = 5.25 kN.
This section is satisfactory. (See Figure 4.43 for the rail support
system.)
Section P145155
Depth=145mm
;thickness=1.55 mm

Lecture Six - Purlins & Sheetings

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Lecture Six - Purlins & Sheetings

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Design of Beam

{ Design of Purlin & Sheet Rails

Span / 360 = 11.1 < 19.86 not o.k.

Try purlin section P145130 from Table

Provide 100 × 100 × 10 L × 15 kg/m.

Span = 5.0m, Spacing = 1.5m.

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