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Unit 1: Nouns & Articles
SECTION 1.2: Articles
PART 2.1
1 CONTENT
The definite The zero
article: ‘the’ article
2 Lesson objectives
Identify the use
of definite Apply them in article ‘the’ and various contexts. the zero article. 3 The definite article: ‘the’ Form and basic uses of ‘the’ • Referring to people or things, singular or plural: The teacher that I met yesterday is my sister-in-law. ( People- Singular) They're the books I read yesterday. ( Things- Plural ) • Referring to something that is known: I'll pick you up at the airport. Would you pass the salt, please?
Combine: Singular Plural
Uncountable countable Countable nouns nouns nouns
The book The books The furniture
4 The definite article: ‘the’ ‘A/an’, ‘the’ and zero in front of abbreviations • We use a/an to introduce a person or thing for the first time. This shows that the listener or reader doesn’t know what we are referring to. After this first reference, we use the:
I just bought a new shirt and some new shoes. The shirt was pretty expensive, but the shoes weren't.
I just bought a new shirt and tie. The shirt was expensive, but the tie wasn’t.
5 The definite article: ‘the’ ‘A/an’, ‘the’ and zero in front of abbreviations The first letters Important words - Institutions when we Some words are often Like ordinary nouns and u Titles can't say them as single used as normal words se them words
the BBC (the British radar (Radio Detection And
ATM (Automated teller He's a M.ed (Master of Broadcasting Corporation) Raging) machine), education UNESCO (=the United LP (a Long Playing Nations Educational, record) Scientific and Cultural Organization)
A / An The Zero
Using no article (zero) with chemical symbols. NaCl2 (Natri Chloride)
6 ‘The’ + nationality noun We use the in front of nationality nouns to refer to 'all the people in general'. We can divide nationality nouns into four groups:
Four group of ‘The’ + nationality noun
The + plural ending in – The + ending s: ...ians, ...ans, ...other - The + Special cases nationality nouns -ese or s edings ending nationality nouns - –ss ch or –sh Ex: the Spaniards/the Ex: the Austrians, the Spanish, the Swededthe Ex: the Vietnamese, the Americans, the Ex: the Dutch, the Swedish. Japanese, the Portugues Koreans, the Arabs, the English, the French. Germans.
7 ‘The’ for specifying
When we use THE => the listener or reader knows or can understand what we are referring to: a) Back reference: My house is near a river. The river is very beautiful. b) The + Noun + of: The life of Steve Jobs. c) Before a Noun that has been identified by a phrase, a clause or a relative clause: -> The mechanic that I met. d) Context: The listener knows exactly what we are referring to from the context: -> The boy in the corner is my friend. (Both the listener and the speaker know exactly which boy it is. 8 ‘The’ for specifying We often say the cinema, the theatre, the bank, etc. even if we don’t know exactly which:
He’s visited the museum.
I haven't been to the cinema in a long time Go to the theater if you want to relax. If you want a statement, you have to go to the bank
9 ‘The’ for specifying
We refer to the country, the mountains, the seaside even if we don’t know exactly where:
We’re spending the weekend at the seaside.
They're going to the country. When I go to Dalat, I like camping in the mountains. There is a beautiful resort on the beach.
10 ‘The’ for specifying
We use the to refer to “one of a kind”: the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the universe:
The earth is always revolving around the sun.
The moon is always beautiful, and a full moon is always dramatic. The sun always rises in the east. Blue like the sky. The universe is governed by laws.
11 ‘The’ to refer to ‘things that are unique’ (not place name) a) Organizations: The United Nations. b) Ships: The Titanic c) Documents: The Constitution d) Public bodies: The Government e) Titles of books and films: The Rock, The Twilight f) Climate: The weather g) Historical events: The Russian Revolution h) Official title: The Vice President i) Political parties: The Liberal Party j) Press: The VN express 12 We treat other, similar, words as proper nouns and use no article (zero): a) Organizations: Parliament b) Titles of books and films: Avatar c) Beliefs: God d) Official Title: Queen Victoria e) The whole species: Man
