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Virtual Machine and Virtualbox

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18 views24 pages

Virtual Machine and Virtualbox

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abdosabaai1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Virtual Machine and VirtualBox

CIS 6395, Incident Response Technologies


Fall 2016, Dr. Cliff Zou
Acknowledgement
 Univ.Northern Iowa, COP 4610 Intro Operating
Systems
◦ http://www.cs.uni.edu/~diesburg/courses/cop4610_fall10/
 http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/virtualbox-
network-sharing.html
 Creating a Test Lab Using VirtualBox / NAT
networking (by Peter Sylvester)
◦ https://www.pythian.com/blog/test-lab-using-virtualbox-nat-
networking/
Virtualization Software
Runs operating systems in fully emulated
environment
◦ Vmware (Vmware Inc.)
◦ VirtualBox (Oracle)
◦ Virtual PC (Microsoft)
◦ Xen (open source project)

3
Virtualization Terminology
Host OS – running on physical computer
◦ Only one host OS may run at a time
◦ “Hosts” the other running operating systems
Guest OS – running in emulated
environment
◦ Can run multiple guests at the same time
◦ Guest thinks it is running on actual hardware
Virtual machine – set of files that make
up a guest OS
4
Virtual Machine Advantages
Can distribute a pre-configured OS
◦ Run VM, install/configure it, then export to
another VM image
Easy to create multiple snapshots
◦ If something goes wrong, roll-back to a
previously saved snapshot
Portable
◦ Run on any host OS
◦ Store on portable hard drive or laptop

5
Virtual Machine Advantages
Sandbox
◦ Does not affect anything on host OS
Networked
◦ Can access over the network

6
Guest OSes ---- Linux
Kali Linux
◦ Penetration testing preconfigured
◦ A lot of hacking tools preinstalled
◦ https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vmware-virtualbox-
image-download/
◦ Root Name: root password: toor
Metasploitable
◦ An intentionally vulnerable Linux VM
◦ Security training, penetration testing
◦ https://sourceforge.net/projects/metasploitable/files/Metasploitable2/
◦ The default login and password is msfadmin:msfadmin
Guest OSes ---- Windows
Windows VMs
◦ Microsoft has made available a number of VMs that can
be downloaded to test Microsoft Edge and different
versions of IE.
◦ Download from: https://dev.windows.com/en-us/microsoft-
edge/tools/vms/
◦ Currently it has Win7, Win8, Win10
◦ Under the webpage, “Choose your OS” means your host
OS
◦ These virtual machines expire after 90 days.
 setting a snapshot when you first install the virtual
machine which you can roll back to later.
Guest OSes ---- Windows
Ihave a previously available VM of
WinXP
◦ Will provide you the download link on
webCourse when we need to do penetration
testing on vulnerable WinXP
Install VM Images in VirtualBox
For VM images with .ova file type
◦ VirtualBox menu:
 “File””Import Appliance”
 Choose the *.ova image file to import the VM image
 Just use the default configurations
Importing Win7 VM Image….

Take a while, so be patient…. ( a few minutes)


Networking in VirtualBox
VirtualBox provides the following networking
options:

We will introduce:


◦ NAT, NAT Network, Bridged Adapter
IP Address Checking Tool
InWindows, run “ipconfig” under “cmd”
window

In Linux, run “ifconfig” in terminal


Networking Diagnosis Tool
Use “Ping” command to check if a host is
reachable
◦ In Windows, run “ping x.x.x.x” under “cmd”
window
◦ In Linux, run “ping x.x.x.x” in terminal
 Use CTRL+C to stop the pinging action
VirtualBox Networking Setup
Objective:
◦ Let multiple VMs in the same LAN
 This LAN is private, cannot be connected from
outside (for security purpose)
◦ Each VM has Internet access
 So that we can download/install software on them
Two types of networks:
◦ (Bridged Adapter) Host machine and VMs are in the
same LAN
◦ (NAT Network) Guest VMs in the LAN, cannot see
host OS
Networking in VirtualBox: NAT
Default configuration
Virtualbox generates NAT routers
◦ One NAT router for each VM
Simplest, no configuration at all
VirtualBox
Network Engine

NAT routers

Issues: VM1 VM2 VM3

◦ Each VM in its own private LAN, cannot see each other


Networking in VirtualBox:
Bridged Adapter
 Each VM requests its IP address just like the host OS to
the default DHCP server
◦ All VMs and host OS are in the same LAN, so they can talk to
each other
◦ Your home WiFi router most likely will support this

DHCP/NAT server (e.g., wifi router)

Host OS
VM2
VM1
Networking in VirtualBox:
Bridged Adapter
Problem: some DHCP servers do not provide
service to VMs
◦ UCF WiFi does not provide IP to VMs
 Your VM will not be able to obtain a valid IP
◦ Your home WiFi router most likely will support this
 You can use this networking setup at home, but not in UCF
campus
VirtualBox Networking Option:
NAT Network
On VirtualBox, click “File”  “Preferences…”
”Network”
If the “Net Networks” tab is empty, click to add
the default “NatNetwork”
◦ You can change this NAT network name

 This will let VirtualBox


to create a NAT router
for Internal VMs that
join in this NAT router
Networking in VirtualBox:
NAT Network
VirtualBox setup a NAT router X
All VMs join this NAT router X
All VMs can see each other, in the same LAN
◦ Host OS is not in this NAT router’s LAN
VirtualBox can set up multiple NAT Routers for
multiple isolated VM LANs
NAT Router ‘X’ NAT Router ‘Y’
VirtualBox
Network Engine
Host OS

VM1 VM2 VM3


Networking in VirtualBox:
NAT Network
Determine local NAT LAN subnet:
◦ Goto virtualBox menu: Filepreferences…
◦ On the NAT network, select the tool
File Transfer between VM and Host
OS under VirtualBox
1. Use online server for file upload/download
• Upload to an online storage (such as Google Drive,
MS Onedrive)
• Download to the host OS or VM

2. Virtualbox support ‘drag and drop’ file transfer


between host OS and a VM OS
• Run the Kali Linux VM under virtualBox
• Configure virtualBox menu “Devices”  “Drag and
Drop”  enable “Bidirectional”
• In Kali, open “file folder” icon, in the host OS, open a
folder window
• Now you can drag/drop files between host and VM
Shared Folder in Linux VM
3. VirtualBox supports “shared folder” between host OS
and VM
•Run the Kali Linux VM under VirtualBox
•Configure virtualBox menu “Devices”  “shared folders” 
“Shared folder setting…” click the “+” button
•In the Folder Path field, choose “Other…” to add a host OS folder
as the shared folder (e.g., “Download”)

In Linux VM:
mkdir shared
mount -t vboxsf Download ~/shared

Now VM’s “~/shared” would be


identical to the “Download” folder on
host OS
Shared Folder in Windows VM
• Configure virtualBox menu “Devices”  “shared folders” 
“Shared folder setting…” click the “+” button
• In the Folder Path field, choose “Other…” to add a host OS
folder as the shared folder (e.g., “Download”)
• In Win VM, open folder, goto “network”, select “VBOXSVR”,
then the shared folder will show up as a network drive

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