Introduction to Information Technology

Course Code: COMP1111

Instructor : Arooj Saeed

 Course Objectives

Upon completing this course, students will:

• Understand the fundamentals of information technology

• Learn core concepts of computing and modern systems
• Understand modern software programs and packages
• Learn about upcoming IT technologies
 Recommended Readings

 Intro to Computers, Peter Norton, latest edition.

 Discovering Computers Complete, latest edition. Shelly
Cashman series.
 Exploring Computers Complete latest edition by Floyd Fuller,
Brian Larson.
 Steve Lambert and M Dow Lambert, Microsoft® Office
Access(TM) Step by Step (Step By Step (Microsoft)), 2007.
 Computer Fundamentals by P.K. Sinha 6th Edition
 Computer Science: An Overview (11th Edition) By J. Glenn
Brookshear
 Microsoft Office 2010: Ultimate Tips and Tricks by Matt Smith.
CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

TOPIC

A computer is a machine that manipulates data

according to a list of instructions.

A computer is a device capable of performing

computations and making logical decisions at
speed millions and even billion of times faster them
human beings can.

Computer is an electronic machine which is use

for data processing. The output which comes after
processing data through computer is known as
Information.
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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Why Computers?

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

Advantages of Computers

 Increase your productivity

 Connects you to the Internet
 Can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste
 Helps sort, organize, and search through information
 Keeps you connected
 Get a better understanding of data
 Helps automate and monitor
 Save time

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

Disadvantages of Computers

 Reduction in employment opportunities

 Potential of loss of privacy

 Virus and hacking attacks

 Cyber Crimes

 Carpal Tunnel and Eye strain

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

What is Computer Literacy ?

 Knowledge and understanding

of computers and their uses
 Computers are everywhere

 The requirements that determine computer

literacy change as technology changes, you must
keep up with these changes to remain computer
literate.

Slid
CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

TOPIC

Zero generation (1642 to 1945)

First Generation (1945 to 1955)
Second generation (1955 to 1965)
Third generation (1966 to 1970)
Fourth generation (1971 to 1980)
Fifth generation (1980 to present)

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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 Mechanical calculators were developed as

computing device.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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 I n 1946 first electronic computer ENAIC (Electronic

Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) was developed by
Mr. J.Presper Eckert and Mr. John Manuchly at
University of Pennsylvania.
 I t used 18,000 vacuum tubes and its cost was
$500,000.
 I t s weight was 30 tons and occupied a 30 by 50 foot
space.
 I t produced large amount of heat.
 I t s speed was very slow.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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 I n this second generation vacuum tubes

was replaced by transistors.

Speed / performance of this generation computers

was improved in comparison to first generation
computers.

Size, price , and heat produced reduced by using

transistors.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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 I n this third generation transistors were replaced by IC’s

(Integrated Circuits i.e fabrication of thousands electronic
components on single silicon chip ).
 Using this drastic reduction in the size of
computers.
 Speed / performance was high in comparison to third
generation.
 Heat produced by computers was reduced.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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 I n this generation IC’s were replaced by LSI (Large Scale

Integrated Circuits : more number of electronic
components on silicon chip)

 These were low cost, small size and high performance

in comparisons to third generation computers

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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 I n this generation LSI are replaced by VLSI (Very

Large Scale Integrated Circuits)

 Size and cost of these computers is very less

and performance is very high

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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A computer can be divided into two main categories:

1. Hardware
Hardware is basically anything that you can touch
with your fingers.

2. Software
For computer hardware to work it must follow a set
of instructions that is supplied to it as software.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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Hardware refers to the computer’s physical components,

• Computer Case
• CPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip)
• Monitor
• Keyboard & Mouse
• Disk Drive, Zip Drive, CD-ROM, DVD,
• Hard Drive
• Memory (RAM)
• Speakers
• Printer
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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The term software refers to the set of instructions

that directs the hardware to accomplish a task.
Application
Software
1. System
Software
System
Software (OS)
2. Application Software
3. Utility Software
Hardware

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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System Software are used to control all

components of computer and serves as an
interface between user and hardware. It
allows user to run application programs.

1. Control all Components of Computer

2. Interface b/w user and Hardware

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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Application software is used or design for the

specific purpose of the user.

for example
MS-WORD MS-POWER POINT
MS- Acdsee
EXCEL Paint
Corel Draw MS-
Game ACCE
SS
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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Utility Software is used to remove any problem or

solve a complex situation in computer.

for example
Partition Magic Backup utility
Antivirus Data Recovery
Security Win Ghost
Software

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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Bits n Bytes

 Bit:
One digit, either 0 or 1
Byte:
any combination of 0 or 1.
also called an octet.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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Computer only understand 0 or 1

0 OFF
1 ON

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers

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The number 25 stored as 8 bits using the binary number

system:
25 00011001

=
The number = as 8 bits using the binary number
179 stored
system:
179
10110011

=
The letter A stored as 8 bits using ASCII code:
=
A = 01000001

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