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Chapter 5 Lecture Notes Part 2

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Chapter 5 Lecture Notes Part 2

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mateothestudent
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 5: Part 2

Reactions

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
5.5 MOLE AND MASS
RELATIONSHIPS IN
REACTIONS

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions
What does a balanced chemical equation tell us?
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g)

• Ratio of reactants and products


• Changes that occur

Can also allow us to predict which reactant


will run out first and how much product is
expected.
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions

What if you have 20 slices of bread, how many cheese


slices do we need?

20 bread slices x 1 cheese slice = 10 cheese slices


2 bread slices
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions
4Fe + 3O 2 
 2Fe 2O 3
– Four moles of Fe react with three moles of O2 to produce
two moles of Fe2O3
Use of Coefficients to Generate Conversion Factors
• 4 moles of Fe produce 2 moles of Fe2O3
• 3 moles of O2 produce 2 moles of Fe2O3

 4 moles Fe   2 moles Fe 2 O3 
  and  
 2 moles Fe 2 O3   4 moles Fe 

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions
Stoichiometric Calculations
• Chemical equations can be used to relate the masses
of reacting chemicals
1. Chemical formulas of all reactants and products must
be known

2. Equation must be balanced to obey the law of


conservation of mass
• Calculations of an unbalanced equation are
meaningless

3. Calculations are performed in terms of moles


• Coefficients in the balanced equation represent
the relative number of moles of products and
reactants
5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions
Example 1 Examine the reaction:
2H2 + O2  2H2O
How many moles of O2 are needed to react with 4.26 moles of H2?

How many moles of water are produced when 4.26 mol of H2 react
with excess oxygen?

How many grams of water are produced when 4.26 mol of H2 react
with excess oxygen?
Example 2
Given the equation: C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
A) Calculate grams O2 reacting with 1.00 mol C3H8

B) Calculate grams C3H8 required to produce 36.0 grams of H2O.


5.6 CALCULATING
THE YIELD OF A
REACTION

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


5.6 Calculating the Yield of a Reaction
• Theoretical yield: Maximum amount of a product that
can be derived from given amounts of reactants on a
reaction if no losses or inefficiencies of any kind occur.

• Actual yield: Amount of product actually obtained from


a chemical reaction.

• Percent yield: Ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield


multiplied by 100.

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


5.6 Calculating the Yield of a Reaction

Actual yield
Percent Yield= x 100
Theoretical yield

Actual Yield is the amount of product


obtained from a reaction

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


Example 3
In an experiment designed to produce sulfur dioxide by the chemical reaction
S + O2  SO2
9.75 g of SO2 was obtained out of a possible 11.2 g of SO2.
• What is the theoretical yield of SO2?
• What is the actual yield of SO2?
• What is the percent yield of SO2?
Example 4
If 125.5 g of calcium nitride were produced from 29.0 g of
nitrogen and an excess of calcium. What is the percent yield of
calcium nitride?

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