ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING PYTHON

VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FOR

WOMEN(AUTONOMOUS)
PG AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

PYTHON OPERATORS

COURSE MATERIAL TAKEN FROM NPTEL LECTURE NOTES

In this
lecture
⚫Operators and operands
⚫Different types of
operators
◦ Arithmetic
◦ Assignment
◦ Relational or comparison
◦ Logical
◦ Bitwise
⚫Precedence of operators
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Operators and
operands
⚫Operators are special symbols
that help in carrying out an
assignment operation or
arithmetic or logical computation
⚫Value that the operator operates
on is called operand

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Arithmetic
operators
⚫Used to perform mathematical operations between
two operands
⚫Create two variable a and b with values 10 and 5
respectively
Symbol Operation Example

+ Addition

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Arithmetic
operators
⚫Used to perform mathematical operations between
two operands
⚫Create two variable a and b with values 10 and 5
respectively
Symbol Operation Example

+ Addition

- Subtraction

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Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example

* Multiplication

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Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example

* Multiplication

/ Division

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Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example

* Multiplication

/ Division

% Remainder

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Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example

* Multiplication

/ Division

% Remainder

** Exponent

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Hierarchy of arithmetic
operators
Decreasing order of
Operation A = 7 – 2 x 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟒
precedence 𝟑𝟐

Parentheses ()
Exponent **
Division /
Multiplication *

Addition and subtraction +,-

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Assignment
operators
⚫Used to assign values to
variables
Symbol Operation Example

Assign values from right side operands to

=
left side operand

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Assignment
operators
⚫Used to assign values to
variables
Symbol Operation Example

Assign values from right side operands to

=
left side operand

Adds right operand to left operand and

+=
stores result on left side operand
(a=a+b)

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Assignment
operators
⚫Used to assign values to
variables
Symbol Operation Example

Assign values from right side operands to

=
left side operand

Adds right operand to left operand and

+=
stores result on left side operand
(a=a+b)
Subtracts right operand from left
-=
operand and stores result on left side
operand (a=a-b)

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Assignment
operators
Symbol Operation Example

Multiplies right operand from left

*=
operand and stores result on left side
operand (a=a*b)

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Assignment
operators
Symbol Operation Example

Multiplies right operand from left

*=
operand and stores result on left side
operand (a=a*b)
Divides right operand from left operand and
/=
stores result on left side operand
(a=a/b)

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Relational or comparison
operators
⚫ Tests numerical equalities and inequalities between two operands and returns
a boolean value
⚫ All operators have same precedence

⚫ Create two variables x and y with values 5 and 7 respectively

Symbol Operation Example

< Strictly less than

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Relational or comparison
operators
⚫ Tests numerical equalities and inequalities between two operands and returns
a boolean value
⚫ All operators have same precedence

⚫ Create two variables x and y with values 5 and 7 respectively

Symbol Operation Example

< Strictly less than

<= Less than equal to

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Relational or comparison
operators
Symbol Operation Example

> Strictly greater than

>= Greater than equal to

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Relational or comparison
operators
Symbol Operation Example

> Strictly greater than

>= Greater than equal to

== Equal to equal to

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Relational or comparison
operators
Symbol Operation Example

> Strictly greater than

>= Greater than equal to

== Equal to equal to

!= Not equal to

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Logical
operators
⚫ Used when operands are conditional statements and returns boolean
value
⚫ In python, logical operators are designed to work with scalars or
boolean
Symbol values Operation Example

or Logical OR

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Logical
operators
⚫ Used when operands are conditional statements and returns boolean
value
⚫ In python, logical operators are designed to work with scalars or
boolean
Symbol values Operation Example

or Logical OR

and Logical AND

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Logical
operators
⚫ Used when operands are conditional statements and returns boolean
value
⚫ In python, logical operators are designed to work with scalars or
boolean
Symbol values Operation Example

or Logical OR

and Logical AND

not Logical NOT

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Bitwise
operators
⚫Used when operands are
integers
⚫Integers are treated as a string
of binary digits
⚫Operates bit by bit
⚫Can also operate on conditional
statements which compare
scalar values or arrays
⚫Bitwise OR (|), A N D(&)

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Bitwise
operators
Create two variables x and y with values 5 and 7 respectively
⚫

⚫Binary code for 5 is 0000 0101 and for 7 is 0000 0111

⚫0 corresponds to False and 1 corresponds to True
⚫In bitwise OR ( | ), operator copies a bit to the result if it
exists in either operand
⚫In bitwise A N D (& ), operator copies a bit to the result if it
exists in both operands

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Bitwise OR on
integers
Code and output in
console

Binary code for 5 Binary code for 7

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

⚫0 present in corresponding positions, therefore resultant

cell is also 0

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Bitwise OR on
integersBinary code for 5 Binary code for 7

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 1

⚫0 present in positions 2-5, therefore resultant cell

will also contain 0
⚫In the 6th position, 1 is present in both operands
and hence resultant will also contain 1

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Bitwise OR on
integers
⚫The 7th position has 0 in the first operand and 1 in the
second Binary code for 5 Binary code for 7

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

⚫Since this is an OR operator, only the True condition is

considered
0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Binary code for 5 Binary code for 7

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
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Bitwise
operators
⚫Bitwise operators can also operate on
conditional statements
Symbol Operation Example

| Bitwise OR

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Bitwise
operators
⚫Bitwise operators can also operate on
conditional statements
Symbol Operation Example

| Bitwise OR

& Bitwise AND

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Precedence of
operators
Decreasing order
Operation
of precedence
Parentheses ()
Exponent **
Division /
Multiplication *
Addition
+,-
and
subtraction
Bitwise AND &

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Precedence of
operators
Decreasing order
Operation
of precedence
Bitwise OR |
Relational/
==, !=, >, >=, <,
compariso
<=
n
operators
Logical NOT not
Logical AND and
Logical OR or

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Summar
y ⚫
Important
operators
◦ Arithmetic
◦ Assignment
◦ Relational
◦ Logical
◦ Bitwise

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THANK YOU