FDB Presentation Power System Analysis

ENGR. FLORENCIO D.
BERENGUEL
Master In Public Administration, MPA
Professional Electrical Engineer, PEE
FILIPINO ASEAN Charted Professional Engineer, FACPE
ASEAN Engineer Registry, AER
Hon. Member ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organization, Hon. MAFEO
Hon. Fellow ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organization, Hon. FAFEO
Electrical Power Plant System
Analysis Design
IIEE - Iloilo Chapter

Mid-Year General Membership Meeting
July 1, 2023
OUTLINE
 Load Calculation
 Electrical System Design
 Voltage Drop Calculation
 Per Unit Calculation
 Short Circuit Calculation
ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM
1 MVA Station
Service
Group of Transformer
Motors
Tie
Breaker
San Jose line 2
MDP-B /BUS-B, 480V, 3Ø, 60Hz
MDP-B /BUS-B, 480V, 3Ø, 60Hz
POWER SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
Load Calculation
Governor oil pump, 20HP, 480V, 3Phase,
60Hz, 0.80PF, 0.90Efficiency
Full Load Current Calculation
IFL = 1HP x 746 Watts/HP
√3 (V) (PF) (EFF)
IFL = 20HP x 746Watts/HP = 24.926 Amperes
√3 (480)(0.80)(0.90)
Conductor Ampacity and Size of Wire

From PEC 2017 section 2.10.2.1 Page 76 for Branch Circuit Not
More Than 600Volts
ICA = IFL x 1.25%
ICA = 24.926 x 1.25 = 35.156 Amperes
From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16), 2.50.6.13 and 10.1.1.1

Use: 3 - 8.0mm2 + 5.5mm2G THW @ 27mm Ø EMT
√
From PEC 2017 Article 3.10 Conductor for General
Wiring page 174
Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16) Allowable Ampacity of Insulated Conductors Rated Up to
and Including 2000 Volts 60°C Through 90°C, Not More Than Three Current
Carrying Conductors in raceway, Cable, or Earth (Direct Buried), Based on
Ambient Temperature of 30°C
Temperature Rating of Conductor (See Table 3.103.1(A) )
60°C 75°C 90°C 60°C 75°C 90°C

Types Types
RHW. Types, TBS, SA, SIS, RHW.
THHW, FEP, FEPB, MI, RHH, THHW, Types, TBS, SA, SIS, RHH,
THW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW,
THWN THW-2, THWN-2, THWN THW-2, THWN-2, USE-2,
Type XHHW, USE-2, XHH, XHHW, Type XHHW, XHH, XHHW, XHHW-2,
TW, UF USE.,ZW XHHW-2, ZW-2 TW, UF USE ZW-2
Conductor COPPER ALUMINUM OR COPPER-CLAD ALUMINUM
Size, mm2
2.0(1.6)* 15 20 25 - - -
3.5(20)* 20 25 30 15 20 25
Size of wire
5.5(26) 30 35 40 25 30 35
8.0(3.2) 40 50 55 30 40 45
14 55 65 75 40 50 65
22 70 85 95 55 65 80
30 85 100 115 65 80 90
38 100 115 130 75 90 105
From PEC 2017 Article 2.50 Grounding and
Bonding page 124
Table 2.50.6.13 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding
Conductor for Grounding Raceway and Equipment
Rating or Setting of Automatic Size mm2 (mm dia.)
Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead of
equipment, conduit, etc., Not Copper Copper Aluminum of
Exceeding (Amperes) Copper-Clad Aluminum*
15 20 (16) 3.5 (2.0)

20 3.5 (2.0) 5.5 (2.6)
Grounding wire
30 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)
40 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)
60 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)
100 8.0 (3.2) 14
200 14 22
300 22 30
400 30 38
500 30 50
600 38 60
From PEC 2017 Appendix C page 967
Table C.1 Maximum Number of Conductors or fixture Wires
in Electrical metallic Tubing (EMT) (Based on Chapter 10;
Table 10.1.1.1, Table 10.1.1.4 and Table 10.1.1.5) Page 967
Trade Size (Metric Designator)
Conductor 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4

Size
Type
(AWG/kcmil)
(mm2)
(12) (16) (21) (27) (35) (41) (53) (63) (78) (91) (103)
Size of Conduit
CONDUCTOR
14 (2.0) - 8 15 25 43 58 96 168 254 332 424
12 (3.5) - 6 11 19 33 45 74 129 195 255 326

TW, THW,
THW,
THW-2
10 (5.5) - 5 8 14 24 33 55 96 145 190 243
8 - 2 5 8 13 18 30 53 81 105 135
60Hz, 0.80PF, 0.90Efficiency
Thermal Overload Setting
From PEC 2017 Page 691 Section 4.0.3.1 for all

other motors = IFL x 115%
IOL = 24.926 x 1.15 =

28.663 Amperes
Set IOL to 28.663 Amperes
Disconnect Switch = IFL x 125%
IDS = 24.926 x 1.25 =

35.156Amperes
Use: 40AT/100AF Disconnect Switch Setting
Branch Overcurrent Protection = IFL x 250%
IBOP = 24.926 x 2.5 = 63.312

Amperes
From PEC 2017 Standard Fuse Table 2.40.1.

6(A) Page 86
Use: 70AT/100AF, 3P Trip breaker
Article 4.30 -Motors, Motor
Circuit and Controller
Table 4.30.3.2.1 page 351: Separate Overload device.
A separate overload device that is responsible to
motor current. This device shall be selected to trip or
shall be rated at no more than following percent of
the motor nameplate current rating full load
Motors with a marked service factor 125%

1.15 or greater
Motors with a marked temperature 125%
rise 40°C or less
All other motors 115%
From PEC 2017 page 86
Table 2.40.1.6(A) Standard Ampere
Ratings for Fuses and Inverse Time
Circuit Breakers
15 20 25 30 35
40 45 50 60 70
80 90 100 110 125
150 175 200 225 250
300 350 400 450 500
600 700 800 1000 1200
1600 2000 2500 3000 4000
5000 6000 - - -
60Hz, 0.80PF, 0.90Efficiency, “Table”
BC No. 2: Power Distribution Center 1; 480V, 60Hz, 3Phase (back-up BUS A)
Thermal Size of Wire and Grounding
Size of Size of
Overload Conductor, THW (Color coded):
Item Full Load Disconnec Circuit
Equipment Description Power Rating Setting A= Black, B = Red, C = Yellow
No. Current t Switch Breaker
= + Ground = Green @ RSC
(Amperes) (Amperes)
115%xIfl Conduit
HP kW kVA Amperes Amperes mm2 3C mm2G mm RSC AT AF AT AF
1 Governor Oil Pump no. 1 20 16.578 20.722 24.926 28.665 8.0 8.0 32 40 100 70 100
2 Governor oil pump no. 2 20 16.578 20.722 24.926 28.665 8.0 8.0 32 40 100 70 100
3 Main Unit Transformer Cooling Unit 20 16.578 20.722 24.926 28.665 8.0 8.0 32 40 100 70 100
4 Rotating Amplifier 15 12.433 15.542 18.694 21.498 8.0 8.0 32 30 100 60 100
5 Generator Heater 12.000 15.000 20.047 23.055 8.0 8.0 32 30 100 50 100
6 Turbine Drain Pump 3/4 0.622 0.777 0.935 1.075 3.5 3.5 20 20 100 20 100
7 Genrator Cooling Water Valve 1/2 0.414 0.518 0.623 0.717 3.5 3.5 20 20 100 20 100
8 Turbine Grease Pump 1/2 0.414 0.518 0.623 0.717 3.5 3.5 20 20 100 20 100
9 Hydraulic Jack Pump 1/2 0.414 0.518 0.623 0.717 3.5 3.5 20 20 100 20 100
10 115kV Switch Gear Heater 6.000 7.500 10.024 11.527 5.5 5.5 25 20 100 30 100
11 Power Outlet 3.000 3.750 5.012 5.764 3.5 3.5 25 20 100 20 100
12 Spare
13 Total kVA Load 106.290 131.359 50.00 14.00 65 175 200
Governor Oil Pump, 20HP, 480V,
3Phase, 60Hz, 0.80PF, 0.90Efficiency
MAIN FEEDER WIRE AMPACITY
IMFCA = (125%xIfl Current of Big Motors)+

(Total Current of Remaining
Motors)
IMFCA = (24.926 x 1.25) + (106.433)
IMFCA = 137.591 Amperes
From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16), 2.50.6.13 and

10.1.1.1
Use: 3 - 50mm2 + 14mm2 G THW @ 63mm Ø EMT

From PEC 2017 Article 3.10 Conductor for
General Wiring page 174
Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16) Allowable Ampacity of Insulated Conductors Rated Up to
and Including 2000 Volts 60°C Through 90°C, Not More Than Three Current
Carrying Conductors in raceway, Cable, or Earth (Direct Buried), Based on
Ambient Temperature of 30°C
Temperature Rating of Conductor (See Table 3.103.1(A) )
60°C 75°C 90°C 60°C 75°C 90°C

Types Types
RHW. Types, TBS, SA, SIS, RHW.
THHW, FEP, FEPB, MI, RHH, THHW, Types, TBS, SA, SIS, RHH,
THW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW,
THWN THW-2, THWN-2, THWN THW-2, THWN-2, USE-2,
Type XHHW, USE-2, XHH, XHHW, Type XHHW, XHH, XHHW, XHHW-2,
TW, UF USE.,ZW XHHW-2, ZW-2 TW, UF USE ZW-2
Conductor COPPER ALUMINUM OR COPPER-CLAD ALUMINUM
Size, mm2
2.0(1.6)* 15 20 25 - - -
3.5(20)* 20 25 30 15 20 25
5.5(26) 30 35 40 25 30 35
8.0(3.2) 40 50 55 30 40 45
14 55 65 75 40 50 65
22 70 85 Size of wire
95 55 65 80
30 85 100 115 65 80 90
50 115 140 150 90 110 125
From PEC 2017 Article 2.50 Grounding and
Bonding page 124
Table 2.50.6.13 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding
Conductor for Grounding Raceway and Equipment
Rating or Setting of Automatic Size mm2 (mm dia.)
Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead of
equipment, conduit, etc., Not Copper Copper Aluminum of
Exceeding (Amperes) Copper-Clad Aluminum*
15 20 (16) 3.5 (2.0)

20 3.5 (2.0) 5.5 (2.6)
30 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)

40 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)
60 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)
Grounding wire
100 8.0 (3.2) 14
200 14 22
300 22 30
400 30 38
500 30 50
600 38 60
From PEC 2017 Appendix C page 967
Table C.1 Maximum Number of Conductors or fixture Wires
in Electrical metallic Tubing (EMT) (Based on Chapter 10;
Table 10.1.1.1, Table 10.1.1.4 and Table 10.1.1.5)
Trade Size (Metric Designator)
Conductor 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4

Size
Type
(AWG/kcmil)
(mm2)
(12) (16) (21) (27) (35) (41) (53) (63) (78) (91) (103)
Size of Conduit
CONDUCTOR
14 (2.0) - 8 15 25 43 58 96 168 254 332 424
TW, THW,
THHW, 12 (3.5) - 6 11 19 33 45 74 129 195 255 326
THW-2,
RHH*,
RHW*, 10 (5.5) - 5 8 14 24 33 55 96 145 190 243
RHW-2*
1/0 (50) - 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 16 20 26
Governor Oil Pump, 20HP, 480V,
3Phase, 60Hz, 0.80PF, 0.90Efficiency
MAIN FEEDER TRIP BREAKER:
IMFBOP = (250% x Full Load Current of Big
Motor ) +(Total Current of
Remaining Motors)
IMFCA = (24.926 x 2.5) + (106.433)
IMFCA = 168.748 Amperes
From PEC 2017 Standard Fuse Table 2.40.1. 6(A)

Page 86
Use: 175AT/200AF, 3P Trip breaker

Tabulated Computed Load of MDP
MDP (BUS B): 480V, 60Hz, 3Phase, 0.8PF, 4000AT/5000AF, 5 sets 3-250mm2 + 80mmG THW @ 100mm Ø RSC
Thermal Size of Wire and Grounding Size of Size of
Ite Total Full
Overload Conductor, THW (Color coded): Disconnec Circuit
m Equipment Description Total Power Rating Load
Setting A= Black, B = Red, C = Yellow t Switch Breaker
No. Current
= + Ground = Green @ RSC (Amperes) (Amperes)
kW kVA Amperes Amperes mm2 3C mm2G mm RSC AT AF AT AF
1 Transformer for LP # 15 12.000 15.000 18.043 20.749 14 8 32 30 100 50 100
2 Power Distribution Center 1 85.032 106.290 131.359 151.063 50 14 65 150 200 175 200
6 Booster Pump 41.445 51.806 62.314 71.661 30 8 40 100 150 125 150
7 Power Distribution Center No. 7 91.880 114.850 143.785 165.353 80 30 100 150 200 200 250
8 Auxiliary Crane 57.000 71.250 92.225 106.059 50 14 65 125 150 175 200
13 SPARE
14 SPARE
Total kVA Load 1,096.830 1,454.687
POWER SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
Electrical System Design
TRANSFORMER SIZING (Station
Service Transformer)
Transformer Size = Total kVA Demand (Sum of
Individual Maximum Demand)

* (70% Demand
Factor) assuming
Given; that one motors is running and the
Total kVA Load = 1,096.830 kVA other one
Voltage
is back-up = 4,160/480 Volts
Phase = 3 Phase
Apply: 70 % Demand
Factor
Transformer Size = (1,096.830)*(0.70) =
767.781 kVA
Use: 1MVA 4.16/0.48 kV, 3Phase, 60Hz Station

Service Transformer
At Primary Side
IFL = (1,000) / ((1.732)*(4.16))
IFL = 138.786 Amperes
Conductor Ampacity = Full Load Current x 125%
ISSTCA = (138.786)*(1.25)
ISSTCA = 173.483 Amperes
From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.51(C)(73)1 &

2.50.6.13
Use: 3 - 35mm2 + 35mm2G XLPE 4.16 kV Power Cable

At Primary Side
From PEC 2017 Table 4.50.1.3(A) page 385:

Maximum rating or Setting of Overcurrent
Protection for Transformer over 1000Volts (as
a Percentage of Transformer-Rated Current)
Fuse Rating = 300%

ISSTBOP = (300% Fuse Rating)* IFL
ISSTBOP = (138.786)*(3.0)
ISSTBOP = 416.358 Amperes
Use: 500 Amperes Power Fuse

At Secondary Side
IFL = (1,000) / ((1.732)*(0.48)) =
1202.813Amperes
Conductor Ampacity = Full Load Current x 125%
ISSTCA = (1202.813)*(1.25) = 1503.516 Amperes
From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16) Page 174,

2.50.6.13, Page 124 and 10.1.1.1, Page 967
Use: 5 sets of 3 - 250mm2 + 30mm2G @ 103mm Ø EMT

At Secondary Side
Disconnect Switch = ISSTDS = IFL

x 125%
ISSTDS = (1,202.813)*(1.25)
= 1,503.5163 Amperes
Use: 1600AT/2000AF Disconnect Switch
From PEC 2017 Table

4.50.1.3(b) Maximum Setting of
Overcurrent Protection for
Transformer 600V and less
At Secondary Side
From PEC 2017 Table 4.50.1.3(b)

Maximum Setting of Overcurrent
Protection for Transformer 600V
and less
ISSTBOP = ((250%)* IFL
ISSTBOP = (1,202.813)*(2.5)
ISSTBOP = 3,007.033
Amperes
Use: 4000AT/5000AF Amperes CB,

3P
POWER SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
Voltage Drop Calculation
How to Calculate Voltage Drop
Voltage drop is the amount of voltage lost in a circuit due to
resistance of the conductor. Voltage drop is an important
consideration when planning a circuit to allow equipment using the
circuit to run as designed.
Voltage drop in a circuit means less voltage is delivered to

connected devices. Electrical devices consume power, and when
they get reduced voltages, the current flow increases to meet their
power needs. This current increase can overheat the circuit, causing
damage to the equipment and devices.
Using Ohm’s Law, the voltage can be calculated by multiplying the

current by the resistance.
V(V) = I(A) × R(Ω)

Voltage Drop Formula
Thus, you can calculate voltage drop for single-phase AC and DC circuits
using the following formula derived from Ohm’s Law:[1]
V drop (V) = I(A) × 2 × ρ(Ω·m) × L(m) / Am²
Where:
V = allowable voltage drop in volts
I = current in amps
ρ = conductor resistivity in ohm-meters (Ω·m)
L = conductor length in meters
A = conductor cross-sectional area in square meters
So, the voltage dropped V in volts is equal to the current I in amps times
2 times the conductor resistivity ρ times the conductor length L in meters,
divided by the cross-sectional area of the conductor A in square meters.
The resistivity of copper conductors is 1.7241 × 10-8 Ω·m and the
resistivity of aluminum conductors is 2.6548 × 10-8 Ω·m.
Alternate Voltage Drop Formula

You may also see voltage drop calculated using an alternate formula,
which calculates the conductor resistance in a slightly different way:[2]
Voltage drop (V) = I(A) × 2 × K × L(m) / Amm²; 2KLI/d²

Where:
V = allowable voltage drop in volts
K = direct current constant – use 12 for copper conductors and 18 for
aluminum conductors at 30˚C. This is equal to the resistance of a
conductor that is one thousand circular mils and one thousand feet in
length.
I = current in amps
L = conductor length in meters
A = conductor cross-sectional area in square millimeters
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS
This chapter shows elevation of feeder line sizes to ensure that

for every circuit voltages even in the farthest equipment, the drop
will not go beyond its percentage drop standard. For this criteria, the
voltage drop of feeder wires should not be more than 3% while the
total drop including feeders and branch circuit wires should not be
more than 5% overall.
The computation formula used in this chapter came from the

derivation below:
Figure 7.0.1 Vector Diagram of Voltage Relations for
Voltage-Drop Calculations
Voltage Drop Formula
General Formula
𝑉𝐷=𝐼𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑍𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒
where:
2 2
𝑍 = √( 𝑅 + 𝑋 )
Single- Phase Circuits
𝐿 1
𝑉𝐷=2 𝐼 𝑍 ( )( )
305 𝑁
Three- Phase Circuits

𝐿 1
𝑉𝐷=3 √𝐼 𝑍 ( 305 )( 𝑁 )
where:
Z = is the wire impedance, Ω
L = is the total length of wire, m
N = is the number of set of wire or parallel path
From PEC 2017, PP 942 Ohm to Neutral per 305 meter
Voltage drop in 3- phase system uses the Line to Neutral
Since the wire impedance values from Table 10.1.1.9 of
2017 Philippine Electrical Code page 942 is from line to
neutral, therefore the voltage-drop to line is;
Three- Phase Circuits
SSTB
to
MDP
Main Feeder and Sub-Feeder Voltage
Drop from (Station Service
Transformer Secondary Side to MDP
For cable 250mm2, Table 10.1.1.9 of

PEC 2017 page 942, the Impedance
(line to neutral) is;
TABLE 10.1.1.9, PEC 1, 2017
Conduit Size XL (Reactance for All AC Resistance for Uncoated
mm2 Wires ) (Steel Conduit) Copper Wire (Steel Conduit)
2.0 0.073 3.100
3.5 0.068 2.000
5.5 0.063 1.200
8 0.065 0.780
14 0.064 0.490
22 0.060 0.310
30 0.057 0.200
38 0.057 0.160
50 0.055 0.120
60 0.054 0.100
80 0.052 0.079
100 0.051 0.063
125 0.052 0.054
150 0.051 0.045
175 0.050 0.039
200 0.049 0.035
250 0.048 0.029
325 0.048 0.025
375 0.048 0.021
400 0.048 0.021
500 0.046 0.018
Voltage Drop (VD) Calculation for Feeder SST - 5
sets of 3- 250mm2, 50M from Station Service
Transformer to MDP with the load current of 1,202.813A
taken Transformer sizing load calculation secondary
current.
Table: Voltage Drop in the Station Service
Transformer (SST) to MDP Feeder Cables
CONDUCTOR EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT ACCUMULATED ACCUMULATED
NOS, SIZES AND COMPUTED CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE PERCENT VOLTAGE AT THE
LENGTH CURRENT IN IMPEDANCE DROP IN VOLTAGE RECEIVING END
AMPERES IN OHMS VOLTS DROP IN VOLTS
MDPA (BUS A),

5-3-250mm2, 1,202.813 0.0561 3.8306 0.7980 476.1694
50M
7.2.2 MDP B TO Branch Circuit (PPB#2) Voltage Drop

MDP to Branch Circuit (PPB#2) Voltage Drop
Forcable
For cable50mm
50mm2 THW,
THW ++14mm
2
14mmG, 2
2 75M
G, Table10.1.1.9
Table 9.1.1.9 of
of PEC
PEC 2017
page page
1506, the942, the Impedance
Impedance (line to
(line to neutral) is;neutral) is;
Z= R2 + XL2
Z = (0.12)2 + (0.055)2 = 0.132Ω

TABLE 10.1.1.9, PEC 1, 2017
2.0 0.073 3.100
3.5 0.068 2.000
5.5 0.063 1.200
8 0.065 0.780
14 0.064 0.490
22 0.060 0.310
30 0.057 0.200
38 0.057 0.160
50 0.055 0.120
60 0.054 0.100
80 0.052 0.079
100 0.051 0.063
125 0.052 0.054
150 0.051 0.045
175 0.050 0.039
200 0.049 0.035
250 0.048 0.029
325 0.048 0.025
375 0.048 0.021
400 0.048 0.021
500 0.046 0.018
Voltage Drop (VD) Calculation for Feeder MDPB (BUS B) 50mm2, 75M
from MDP B to BC #2B with the load current of 131.359A taken from
Chapter 4 at 4.2.3 load calculation.
75 1
VD = 3 (131.359) x (0.132) 305 1 = 7.3853 V
Accumulated percent voltage drop is:
%VD = 7.3853 x 100 = 1.5510 + 0.7980 = 2.3490 %

476.1694
Accumulated voltage at the receiving end is;
VRE = 476.1694 – 7.3853 = 468.7841 V

SSTB
to
MDP
MDPB
EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT ACCUMULATE ACCUMULATED
CONDUCTOR
COMPUTED CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE D PERCENT VOLTAGE AT
NOS, SIZES AND
CURRENT IN IMPEDANCE DROP IN VOLTAGE THE RECEIVING
LENGTH
AMPERES IN OHMS VOLTS DROP END IN VOLTS
LCB01,
2 18.043 0.4942 3.7975 1.5955 472.3719
3-14mm , 75M
2
LCB02, 3-50mm ,
131.359 0.1320 7.3853 2.3490 468.7841
75M
2
LCB03, 3-60mm , 136.370 0.1136 6.6009 2.1843 469.5685
75M
2
LCB04 3-50mm ,
131.359 0.1320 7.3853 2.3490 468.7841
75M
2
LCB05 3-80mm ,
162.516 0.0946 6.5465 2.1728 469.6229
75M
LCB06
2 62.314 0.2080 5.5194 1.9571 470.6500
3-30mm , 75M
2
LCB07 3-80mm ,
143.785 0.0946 5.7920 2.0144 470.3774
75M
2
LCB08 3-50mm ,
92.225 0.1320 5.1851 1.8869 470.9843
75M
2
LCB09 3-125mm ,
168.810 0.0743 5.3404 1.9195 470.8290
75M
LCB010
2 47.798 0.3158 6.4281 2.1480 469.7413
3-22mm , 75M
LCB011
2 123.626 0.1136 5.9841 2.0547 470.1853
3-60mm , 75M
LCB012
2 236.482 0.0680 6.8505 2.2367 469.3189
3-150mm , 75M
Voltage Drop of BC #2B to Individual Motor Feeder Cables
1. Governor Oil pump no. 1, 8mm2 THW + 8mm2 G

with 24.926A, VRE = 468.7440V and accumulated
Voltage Drop of 2.3490 %
For cable 8mm2, Table 10.1.1.9 of PEC 2017 page

942, the Impedance (line to neutral) is;
Z= R2 + XL2
Z = (0.78)2 + (0.065)2 = 0.7827 Ω
TABLE 10.1.1.9, PEC 1, 2017
2.0 0.073 3.100
3.5 0.068 2.000
5.5 0.063 1.200
8 0.065 0.780
14 0.064 0.490
22 0.060 0.310
30 0.057 0.200
38 0.057 0.160
50 0.055 0.120
60 0.054 0.100
80 0.052 0.079
100 0.051 0.063
125 0.052 0.054
150 0.051 0.045
175 0.050 0.039
200 0.049 0.035
250 0.048 0.029
325 0.048 0.025
375 0.048 0.021
400 0.048 0.021
500 0.046 0.018
Voltage Drop (VD) Calculation for Feeder 8mm2, 85M
from PPB BC #2 to Individual Motor with the data from
Chapter 4 Table 4.2.3
85 1
VD = 3 (24.926) x (0.7327) = 8.3094 V
305 1
Accumulated percent voltage drop is:
8.3094
%VD = x 100 = 1.7726 + 2.3490
468.7841
%VD = 4.1216 %
Accumulated voltage at the receiving end is;
VRE = 468.7841 – 8.3094 = 460.4747 V

SSTB
to
MDP
BC2
EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT ACCUMULATE ACCUMULATED
CONDUCTOR
COMPUTED CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE D PERCENT VOLTAGE AT
NOS, SIZES AND
CURRENT IN IMPEDANCE DROP IN VOLTAGE THE RECEIVING
LENGTH
AMPERES IN OHMS VOLTS DROP END IN VOLTS
2
LC201, 3-8mm , 24.926 0.7827 8.3094 4.1216 460.4747
75M
2
LC202, 3-8mm , 24.926 0.7827 8.3094 4.1216 460.4747
75M
2
LC203, 3-8mm , 24.926 0.7827 8.3094 4.1216 460.4747
75M
2
LC204, 3-8mm , 18.694 0.7827 8.3092 4.1215 460.4749
100M
2
LC205, 3-8mm , 20.047 0.7827 8.9106 4.2498 459.8735
100M
LC206,
2 0.935 2.0012 1.5938 2.6890 467.1903
3-3.5mm ,150M
LC207,
2 0.623 2.0012 1.0620 2.5755 467.7221
3-3.5mm ,150M
LC208,
2 0.623 2.0012 1.0620 2.5755 467.7221
3-3.5mm ,150M
LC209,
2 0.623 2.0012 1.0620 2.5755 467.7221
3-3.5mm ,150M
LC210,
2 10.024 1.2017 6.8404 3.8082 461.9437
3-5.5mm ,100M
LC211,
2 5.012 2.0012 5.6958 3.5640 463.0883
3-3.5mm ,100M
FROM National Electrical Code
1. Branch circuits. This FPN recommends you size branch circuit
conductors to prevent a maximum voltage drop of 3%. The
maximum total voltage drop when combining both the branch
circuit and feeder shouldn't exceed 5% [210-19(a) FPN No.
4].
2. Feeders. Size feeder conductors to prevent a maximum

voltage drop of 3%. The maximum total drop for a
combination of branch circuit and feeder should not exceed
5% [215-2(d) FPN No. 2].
Addressing Voltage Drop Problems
1. Reduce load
2. Break the circuit into several parts
3. Shorten circuit run
4. Increase wire size
5. Use higher efficient devices
6. Replace conductors with higher conductivity*
Short Circuit Calculation
Why need to Calculate for Short-
Circuit Current?
- Mandated by the PEC 2017
- 1.3.2.1 E- Design Analysis
- Correct interrupting capacity ratings of Over-
Current Protection Devices (OCPDs), PEC 2017 Art.
1.10.1.9- Interrupting Ratings
- Data is needed in Arc Flash Studies, PEC 2017 Art.
1.3.2.1 (F)(6)
- Used in Protection Coordination, PEC 2017 Art.
2.40.1.12 (1) and 7.8.4.5 Used in Insulation
Coordination
Types of Network Fault
1. Open- Circuit Fault (Series Fault)

2. Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Fault
3. Short- Circuit Fault
Open- Circuit Fault
- also called series- fault
- due to the failure of one or more conductors
- commonly caused by joint failures of cables and
overhead lines
- failure of one or more phase of circuit breaker
- melting of a fuse or conductor in one or more phases
- leads to insulation failure and short- circuit fault
Open-
Circuit
Fault
Symmetrical Fault
• Also called as balanced fault
• fault occurs when all the three phases are simultaneously

short circuited
Asymmetrical Fault
• The most common fault
• unbalanced faults as it causes unbalanced currents in the

system
Methods in Calculating Short
Circuit Current
1. Ohmic Method
2. Point- to- Point Method
3. Per- Unit Method
Short Circuit Per Unit Calculation
ANGAT Hydroelectric Power Plant Existing Fault
Level (Available Short Circuit MVA from NGCP)
MVA SC - 3LG = 2530.7

X/R
= 14.9594
MVA SC – 2LG = 2635.4
X/R
= 15.3744
MVA SC - 1LG = 2674.3
X/R
= 15.5231
MVA SC – LL = 2143.2
X/R
= 14.6317
PER UNIT DATA CALCULATION
Data Calculation Result (pu)

Base
MVAbase = 100
Source
MVAba se = 100 MVAba se
MVASC 3LG = 2530.7 Zpu = ------------ = 0.03951 pu
X/R = 14.9594 MVASC
Rpu = Zpu cos (tan-1 X/R) = 0.00264 pu
Xpu = Zpu sin (tan-1 X/R) = 0.03943 pu
Source
MVAba se = 100 MVAba se
MVASC 2LG = 2635.4 Zpu = ------------ = 0.03794 pu
X/R = 15.3744 MVASC

Source
MVAbase = 100 MVAbase
MVASC1LG = 2674.3 Zpu = ------------ = 0.03739 pu
X/R = 15.5231 MVASC
Source
MVAbase = 100 MVAbase
MVASCLL = 2143.2 Zpu = ------------ = 0.04666 pu
X/R = 14.6317 MVASC

GENERATOR G1
MVAbase = 100 Z1 VM2 MVAbase
MVA = 55.555 Zpu = ---- X -----X ------ = 0.18000 pu
PF = 0.90 100 VS2 MVAm
Σhp (kVA) = 55555
Vm = 13800 Zpu
Vs = 13800 Xpu = --------------------------
= 0.17998 pu
[(1+(1/(X/R)^2)
Z1 = 10 ]^0.5
Z2 = 10
Z0 = 3 Xpu
X/R = 60 Rpu = --------------- = 0.00300 pu
X0/R0 = 40 X/R
(degrees) = 31.79
( hp=kVA)
Z0 VM2 MVAbase
Z0pu = ---- X -----X ------ = 0.05400 pu
100 VS2 MVAm
Zpu
X0pu = --------------- = 0.05398 pu
[(1+(1/(X/R)^2)
]^0.5
Xpu
R0pu = --------------- = 0.00135 pu
X/R
477,000 CM or
0.212 Ω/mi or
0.430 Ω/mi or
SC Cable Impedance Calculation
SUMMARY OF CABLE IMPEDANCE OF MU GEN 1 & 2 (BUS 1)
CABLE IMPEDANCE OF UTILITY

Cable MVA Voltage No. of Type Size of
L (M) Set
no. Base (kV) wire of wire Wire
HT001 100 115 65 1 3 ACSR X242+G80)
R/ 305 X/ 305 Rpu Xpu

0.04017 0.08147 6.47282E-05 0.000131
0.00006 +J 0.00013
Zpu
0.00015 < 63.75563
CABLE IMPEDANCE OF CBT - BUS 1
CABLE IMPEDANCE OF GENCB - BUS 1
No. of Type
Cable MVA Voltage Sizeof
L (M) Set Busbar of
no. Base (kV) Wire
(inches) Busbar
BBGCB1 100 13.8 115 3 9 CU1100 1/2 x 5
BBGCB2 100 13.8 115 3 9 CU1100 1/2 x 5
R/ft X/ft Rpu Xpu
0.0000035 0.0000419 6.9847E-05 0.000844

0.0000035 0.0000419 6.9847E-05 0.000844
0.00003 +J 0.00042
Zpu
0.00042 < 85.26915
CABLE IMPEDANCE OF CBT - BUS 1
No. of Type
Cable MVA Voltage Sizeof
L (M) Set Busbar of
no. Base (kV) Wire
(inches) Busbar
BBCBT1 100 13.8 213 3 9 CU1100 1/2 x 5
BBCBT2 100 13.8 213 3 9 CU1100 1/2 x 5
R/ft X/ft Rpu Xpu
0.0000035 0.0000419 0.000129369 0.001563

0.0000035 0.0000419 0.000129369 0.001563
0.000065 +J 0.00078
Zpu
0.000784 < 85.26915
GROUP OF MOTOR CABLE IMPEDANCE TABLE
Cable MVA Voltage No. of Type Sizeof
L (M) Set
no. Base (kV) wire of wire Wire
MVC-SSTB 100 13.8 60 1 3 XLPE X35+G25
R/ 1000 X/ 1000 Rpu Xpu

0.66900 0.14300 0.021077505 0.004505
0.021078 +J 0.00451
Zpu
0.021554 < 12.06431
SC Motor Impedance Calculation
SC Motor Impedance Calculation
LUMP GROUP OF MOTOR LOAD IMPEDANCE TABLE
IDENTIFIER DESCRIPTION % MOTOR KVA V PF
GROUP OF MOTORS =
GM 1,096.83 kVA 65% 461.63 480 0.8
X"d X/R RPU XPU
10 40 0.54156 21.66245
0.541561 +J 21.66245
Zpu
21.669217 < 88.56790
WHERE Xpu = (X"d/100)*(100/KVA/1000))

:
Rpu = Xpu/X/R
Utility Per Bus Impedance
(MVAsc x 1000 ) / (SQRT 3 X kV)
Short Circuit Calculation, Fault Point
Short Circuit Calculation, Fault # 1
ZPU
Zo
= 0.09088
=SQRT(3)*13.8*3PF = √3 * 13.8 * 3Øfault (46.0357)

ZPU
ZPU
Zo
= √3 * 13.8 * 3Øfault (26.7207)

Short Circuit Summary
Short Circuit Calculation, Fault Detail
Thank you

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ENGR. FLORENCIO D.

IIEE - Iloilo Chapter

Conductor Ampacity and Size of Wire

From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16), 2.50.6.13 and 10.1.1.1

60°C 75°C 90°C 60°C 75°C 90°C

15 20 (16) 3.5 (2.0)

Trade Size (Metric Designator)

Conductor 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4

14 (2.0) - 8 15 25 43 58 96 168 254 332 424

12 (3.5) - 6 11 19 33 45 74 129 195 255 326

From PEC 2017 Page 691 Section 4.0.3.1 for all

IOL = 24.926 x 1.15 =

Set IOL to 28.663 Amperes

Disconnect Switch = IFL x 125%

IDS = 24.926 x 1.25 =

Use: 40AT/100AF Disconnect Switch Setting

Branch Overcurrent Protection = IFL x 250%

IBOP = 24.926 x 2.5 = 63.312

From PEC 2017 Standard Fuse Table 2.40.1.

Motors with a marked service factor 125%

MAIN FEEDER WIRE AMPACITY

IMFCA = (125%xIfl Current of Big Motors)+

IMFCA = (24.926 x 1.25) + (106.433)

IMFCA = 137.591 Amperes

From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16), 2.50.6.13 and

Use: 3 - 50mm2 + 14mm2 G THW @ 63mm Ø EMT

60°C 75°C 90°C 60°C 75°C 90°C

15 20 (16) 3.5 (2.0)

30 5.5 (2.6) 8.0 (3.2)

Trade Size (Metric Designator)

Conductor 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4

14 (2.0) - 8 15 25 43 58 96 168 254 332 424

IMFCA = (24.926 x 2.5) + (106.433)

IMFCA = 168.748 Amperes

From PEC 2017 Standard Fuse Table 2.40.1. 6(A)

Use: 175AT/200AF, 3P Trip breaker

Transformer Size = Total kVA Demand (Sum of

Individual Maximum Demand)

Use: 1MVA 4.16/0.48 kV, 3Phase, 60Hz Station

IFL = 138.786 Amperes

Conductor Ampacity = Full Load Current x 125%

ISSTCA = 173.483 Amperes

From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.51(C)(73)1 &

Use: 3 - 35mm2 + 35mm2G XLPE 4.16 kV Power Cable

From PEC 2017 Table 4.50.1.3(A) page 385:

Fuse Rating = 300%

ISSTBOP = 416.358 Amperes

Use: 500 Amperes Power Fuse

Conductor Ampacity = Full Load Current x 125%

ISSTCA = (1202.813)*(1.25) = 1503.516 Amperes

From PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16) Page 174,

Use: 5 sets of 3 - 250mm2 + 30mm2G @ 103mm Ø EMT

Disconnect Switch = ISSTDS = IFL

Use: 1600AT/2000AF Disconnect Switch

From PEC 2017 Table

From PEC 2017 Table 4.50.1.3(b)

ISSTBOP = ((250%)* IFL

Use: 4000AT/5000AF Amperes CB,

Voltage drop in a circuit means less voltage is delivered to

Using Ohm’s Law, the voltage can be calculated by multiplying the

=SQRT(3)13.83PF = √3 * 13.8 * 3Øfault (46.0357)