Parking Structure
Parking Structure
Parking Structure
Floor layout:
Parking structure type Street access design
Circulation systems
Revenue
Parking configuration Lighting control/operating
systems
• Framing system
• Light wells
• Floor height consideration
Safety Measures
Durability
Types of Parking
Street Access a parking facility is When designing the
adjacent to a high-volume entrances, a large
Design or high-velocity street, a van should be used
deceleration lane prior as the
Entrances should also to the entrance helps “design vehicle” to
be located away from eliminate rear-ending check dimensional
street intersections accidents and street traffic clearances
slowdown
Street Access Design: Entrance
The entrances should be designed to be obvious and to look different from
exits
Barrier capacity
•2 barrier types available
-Rising arm
-Rising kerb
•Entry barrier400
vehicles/hour
•Exit barrier250
Revenue Control/
vehicles/hour Operating
Systems
Transient or Hourly
Parking
Monthly Contract
Parking
Cashiering
Street Access Design: Exit
1 cashier lane for each 400 cars
should be adequate
A minimum of 2 exit lanes for a
parking structure
accommodating at least 200
cars is recommended: One lane
is used as a primary cashiering lane,
and the second lane is used as a
secondary or peak-load cashiering
lane.
The secondary lane: always
available for monthly key-card
exiting, allowing the monthly
parker to bypass any backup that
occurs at the cashier's booth.
Cashier’s booths at exits usually are located to provide space for at least one
vehicle that already has completed the cashiering transaction between the
cashier's booth and the adjacent street system or sidewalk
Circulation Systems- Straight ramp
Usually rectangular shaped with ramp well along the
structure’s longer side dimension
Movement
Up-counterclockwise
Down-counterclockwise
Entrance and exit in the side
Opposite side of ramp oil
Opposed ramp
design
•Transitional blend top and bottom of ramps composed of two or more break
point can multiply the steepness with workable break angles beyond the
normal capacities of cars or driver
•Having pad of asphalt or concrete each side of break point so that the cars
having low break over angle can negotiate potential critical points without
scrapping
Angle of departure
•Min 10º Angle of approaches
•To reduce incident of tailpipe and rear bumping dragging
Angle of approaches
•Min 15 º Angle of departure
Standard and Regulation: Ramp system
Ramp slopes
•Max 15% Ramp turn super elevation
•For slopes over 10%, transition at least •½ inch/foot of ramp width at
8 feet long should be provided at each sharpest turning
end of the ramp at one half the slope of •Ramp curves not too steeply
the ramp itself
a) Slow driver-difficult to keep
Ramp grades transition way from inside edge of ramp
•Min 12 foot long = 1/2 of ramp grade pavement
b) Fast driver-encourage to speed
Ramp width greater than conditions of grade
One way straight ramp-min 12 feet and
Two way straight ramp-min 22 feet sight distance safety permit
Circular ramp-min 14-18 feet
Ramp radius
•Single lane helical ramp-min 32 -37 feet
•Must kept min to conserve space and
reduce travel distance
•Very sharp can cause dizzy
Standard and Regulation: Ramp system
Driveway exits
a) Ramp driveway exit rising up to
public sidewalk
•have transition section min 16 feet long
at almost level before intersecting the
sidewalk
•Prevent hood of the car from obscuring
the driver’s view of pedestrians on walk
Advantages
•Works well in extremely narrow, linear spaces
•Requires minimum pavement area
Disadvantages
•Difficult maneuvering for most drivers
•Less than ideal visibility of adjacent traffic
•Inefficient use of on-street space
Parking Layouts : Angle 90°
Effective in low turnover rate or long term
parking areas, the perpendicular, or 90 degree
parking configuration is the most efficient and
economical since it accommodates the most
vehicles per linear meter.
Advantages
•in and out of parking spaces
•Good visibility
•Lends itself to either one-or two-way aisles
•Most common short term parking configuration
Disadvantages
•Requires more pavement per vehicle than
perpendicular configuration
•Handles less vehicles per linear meter
Parking Layouts : Angle 45°
45 degree angled parking configuration displays similar
benefits and limitations as the 60 degree.
Standard dimensions
Parking space width 2.75meters
Parking space length 6 meters
Driving aisle width (1-way) 4.5 meters
Two rows plus aisle width14 meters
Vehicles per 100 linear meter double row 52.5
Advantages
•Reduced width requirements for layout
•Easy maneuvering in and out of parking
spaces
•Good visibility to the rear
Disadvantages
Disadvantages
•Doesn't work well with two-way aisles
•Requires more pavement per vehicle than
perpendicular parking configuration
Parking Layouts : Angle 30°
Standard dimensions
Parking space width 2.75 meters
Parking space length6 meters
Driving aisle width (1-way) 7 meters
Two rows plus aisle width 19 meters
Vehicles per 100 linear meter double row 39.4
Advantages
•Easy parking
•Reduced width requirements for layout
Disadvantages
•Requires the most pavement per vehicle
•Doesn't work well with two-way aisles
Parking Configurations
Operational Types
Attendant-park facilities
self-park facilities
Floor Systems: Split-level Or Staggered Floor
Systems
Floor levels in one section is
staggered vertically by one half
story from those in adjacent
sections
Applicable to small, high-cost sites
where maximum use of space must
be achieved
Advantages
Construction is relatively simple
The design fits well on rectangular
sites
Efficient in terms of floor space per
vehicle parking stall
Disadvantages
Frequent conflicts may arise
between circulating traffic and
parking and un-parking vehicles
Floor Systems: Split-level Or Staggered Floor
Systems
Advantages
The relatively flat floor slope permits
comfortable parking and pedestrian
walking
Each entering customer has an
opportunity to park in the first available
space as parking is adjacent to the
interfloor circulation system
Floor-to-floor travel distance is greater in
sloping-floor garages than in other types
of ramp garages
Means of escape
All parking spaces within 45.7 m of escape stairway having 1 hour fire
requirement
Fire precaution
Have adequate
fire bridge access
Dry rising main
Fire points
Fire and precaution
Accessible Parking
Accessible Parking: Ratio of Accessible Parking
Space
Accessible Parking
Most suitable on expensive sites and where land is very limited-too small
for economical development with a ramp parking
Advantages Disadvantages
increase capacity ; high space utilization cost ; operation and
due to lower ceiling height, dense maintenance
parking, Many structural and functional
and reduce space width types of automated mechanical
no ventilation or HVAC required; saving systems exist, such as :
utility costs underground systems as part of
eliminates stairs, elevators and fire exits the building foundation
enhance safety and security above grade where they can
typically requires less building volume match neighboring buildings
and in architectural appearance
less ground area than a conventional
facility
with the same capacity
Security and safety
Open, glass stairwells and glass-backed ensure safety of
elevators movement of the man
and automobile
Security devices
Energy efficiency in
-video, audio and emergency buttons that call into lighting
the booth or local police station
-Public telephones balance between day
lighting, interior
Eliminate potential hiding places, such as under lighting and exterior
open stairs control especially on
the exterior design of
Handicap accessibility with vehicles close to the façade while
stair and elevator cores have a direct path to key providing adequate
movement patterns of the garage ventilation lighting within
Ramp illumination
-Wall opening are restricted-distract the driver’s view
-Artificial lighting should take form of diffused illumination
-Reflector should pointed away from the direction of travel
Podium parking
For medium and high density residential area, plus, office complex.
Ground level until level 4 are used for the parking area, while residential
units, office and other functional spaces are located above the parking level
Solar canopies
Sculptural biofiltration wall
Rainwater harvesting green walls
Traditional Seminole Tribe patterns
comprised of perforated metal panels
and wire mesh
https://www.michaelsinger.com/project-category/sculptural-gardens/
Architects: Rob Ley Studio
INDIANAPOLIS, UNITED
STATES
QUESTIONS?
Thank you.