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Zoology Assignment Part 2

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92 views22 pages

Zoology Assignment Part 2

Uploaded by

kvanaswara81
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology

Art Integrated Project

Gauriy B Suraj
XI:A Roll
No:24

Submitted To,
Sabitha
Miss
INDEX
PISCES

Pisces are permanently aquatic vertebrates that has


gills for respiration. They are devoid of the true spine.
Fishes may be present in fresh, marine, and brackish
water. The organs for locomotion in fishes are fins.
However, fins are sometimes paired or unpaired.
Pisces are classified into three categories: Placodermi
(Aphstohyoids) Chondrichthyes. Osteichthyes
Aquatic vertebrates, either freshwater or marine,
herbivorous or carnivorous, cold-blooded, oviparous, or
ovoviviparous.

The body is normally streamlined and spindle-shaped,


with some elongated snake-like features and a few
dorsoventrally compressed features, and is divided into
three parts: head, trunk, and tail.

True dermal fin-rays assist locomotion by paired


pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as median dorsal and
caudal fins. Propulsion is accomplished through the use
of a muscular tail.
An exoskeleton of dermal scales, denticles, or bony
plates covers the body surface, which is a striking
characteristic of Pisces.

The endoskeleton is made up of cartilaginous or


bone tissue. Vertebrae, either bone or cartilage,
frequently replace the notochord. The presence of a
well-developed skull and a system of visceral arches,
the first pair of which forms the upper and lower
jaws with the latter articulated with the skull.

Muscles are divided into myotomes, which have


separate dorsal and ventral sections.
An alimentary canal with a distinct stomach and
pancreas leads to the cloaca or anus.

Gills are the organs of breathing.

The heart is two-chambered and venous, with one


auricle and one ventricle.

The mesonephros of the kidneys is number ten.

There are five sections in the brain. There are ten pairs
of cranial nerves.
he Pisces phylum includes the first jawed
vertebrates, and the study of fish is called
Ichthyology. They are aquatic (may be freshwater
or marine). The traits of Pisces include the
presence of a streamlined body covered with
different types of dermal scales like Placoid,
Cosmoid, Ganoid, Cycloid, and Ctenoid. Fish are
cold-blooded animals. This simple division of
superclass Pisces into three classes- Placodermi,
Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes.
AVES

The Aves belong to the phylum Chordata of the


animal kingdom. It has about 9,000 species. Aves are
adapted to fly. All the birds come in the class Aves.
They show courtship, parental care, nest building,
and territorial behaviour.
Classification of Aves
The class Aves is divided into two categories:

Archaeornithes
This class of birds are extinct. They had a toothed beak
with a long lizard-like tail.
Eg., Archaeopteryx
Neornithes
These include extant as well as extinct birds. They have no
teeth and a short tail.

Eg., Penguin, Grey Heron, Kingfisher, Duck, etc.


• Body is boat shaped and divisible into head, neck and
tail.
• Skin is thin and dry except oil glands on tail. It is
covered by an epidermal
horny exoskeleton of feathers all over and of scales on
the feet.
• Endoskeleton is fully ossified but they are delicate and
light due to air cavities
and sacs or spongy nature.
• The skull has single occipital condyle and large cranial
cavity.
• There are two pairs of limbs. Forelimbs are modified
into wings for flight and
bear 3 digits each.
• The hindlimbs are large, strong and adapted for
perching, walking or
swimming.
• Mouth has wide gap. Alimentary canal leads into a
cloaca.
• Lungs are spongy and continued into airsacs.
• Heart is four chambered. Brain is large.
• Sexes are separate, fertilization is internal birds are
oviparous.
• Eggs are large, calcarious shell membrane and needs
incubation.
• Birds are homiothermic animals.
Aves belong to a specific class of endothermic
vertebrates, hence, characterised by their most
prominent advantage of adaptation to flight.
Passeriformes constitute the largest order under
the class Aves. Birds like Chaffinch are classified in
this order.
The extinct species of Aves has toothed jaws
whereas the present species majorly do not have
teeth, rather the toothless jaw with beaks.
Archaeornithes and Neornithes are two main sub
– classes of the main class Aves which have
multiple orders within it like Struthioniformes, etc.
Aves are mainly known to have evolved in the
Jurassic and the Cretaceous periods.
AMPHIBIANS

Amphibians are organisms that live a dual life. They


can live on land as well as in water. They have a
porous skin that requires moisture.
External egg fertilization. ...
Grows 4 legs as an adult. ...
Cold-blooded. ...
Carnivorous appetite. ...
Primitive lungs. ...
Lives on water and land. ...
Vertebrates.
An amphibian is a cold-blooded vertebrate animal that
is born in water and breathes with gills. As the larva
grows into its adult form, the animal's lungs develop
the ability to breathe air, and the animal can live on
land. Frogs, toads, and salamanders are all amphibians.
Adult amphibians are predators and carnivores.
They can eat different foods, like worms, spiders,
beetles, etc. The larvae of most amphibians eat
plants.
List Of Commonly Known
Amphibians

Frog
Tadpole
Toad
Salamander
Newt
Tree frog
Wood frog
Bullfrog
Caecilian
Mudpuppy
Poison frog
Siren
Hyla
Racophorus
Mole salamander
REPTILES

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