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Logarithmic Functions

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15 views

Logarithmic Functions

Uploaded by

zwendypie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGARITHMIC

FUNCTIONS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
I. Logarithmic Functions, Equations, and
Inequalities
■ Logarithm is simply a special way of writing an exponent.

𝑏 =𝑦
𝑥 log 𝑏 𝑦=𝑥
I. Logarithmic Functions, Equations, and
Inequalities
■ A logarithmic function is a function of the form

where b is any number such that . In this case, b is called the base and x is a real number
such .
Example:

■ A logarithmic function may be derived from its exponential counterpart.


EXAMPLE:
Let find with the given equation.

Solution:
1.
𝑦−1
3 =𝑥 Given

Definition of Logarithm

𝑦 =log 3 𝑥 +1 Add 1 to both sides/Transpose -


1 to right side of the equation

Therefore,
2.

2 𝑦 +1=𝑥 +1 Given

𝑦 +1=log2 𝑥 +1 Definition of Logarithm

𝑦 =log 2 ( 𝑥 +1 ) − 1 Subtract 1 from both


sides/Transpose 1 to right side
Therefore, .
of the equation
3.

√ 5𝑦 =𝑥 Given
𝑦/2
5 =𝑥 𝑎 𝑚 /𝑛 =√ 𝑎 𝑚
𝑛

𝑦
= log 5 𝑥 Definition of Logarithm
2
𝑦 =2 log 5 𝑥 Multiply both sides by 2
Therefore, .
I. Logarithmic Functions, Equations, and
Inequalities
■ Logarithmic equations are equations in which variables occur as arguments.
■ Similarly, logarithmic inequalities are inequalities in which variables occur as
arguments.
II. Basic Properties of Logarithms
■ Let 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1. Let 𝑀, 𝑁 > 0. The following are properties of logarithm.

log 10 ()
3
4
=log10 3− log10 4

log 3 25=2log3 5
Simplifying Logarithmic Equations
Example:
Simplify the expressions on the list.
Solution:
1.
log 3 15 − log 3 5 Given

15
log 3 ( ) Quotient Property
5
15
log 3 3 5
=3

1 log 𝑏 𝑏=1
Therefore, .
2.
log 2 4+ log 2 3 Given
log 2 (4 ∙ 3 ) Product Property
log 2 12 4 ∙ 3= 12
Therefore, .
3.
1 −2 log 2 5 Given
2
1 − log 2 5 Power Property
2
1 −log 2 25 5 =25
log 2 2 − log 2 25 log 𝑏 𝑏=1
2
log 2 ( ) Quotient Property
25

Therefore, .
III. Laws of Logarithmic
Functions
■ Another way of rewriting a logarithmic function is the change of base rule for
logarithms.
■ Consider for some . The change of base rule states that given a new base , we can
rewrite the function as

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