Introduction to ICT

Ms. Ruqiya
[email protected]
What is Input

 An input is data that a computer receives.

 Aninput device is something you connect to a
computer that sends information into the
computer
Input device

 Keyboard
 Pointing Devices
 Touch Screen
 Audio Input Devices
 Sensors Input Devices
Keyboard

 Keyboard is the most commonly used input device.

 The buttons on the keyboard are called keys.
 The arrangement of keys on a keyboard is called keyboard
layout.
 Most common keyboard layout is QWERTY.
 The keys on computer keyboards are classified as follows:
 – Numeric keypad
 – Function keys
 – Alphanumeric keys
 – Backspace key
 – Enter key
 – Caps lock key
 – Tab key
 – Modifier keys
 • Ctrl key
 • Alt key
 • Shift key
 Cursor control key
 • Home
 • End
 • Arrows
 • PageUp
 • pageDown
Special purpose keys
 – Esc
 – Delete
 – Insert
 – Print screen
 – Scroll lock
 – Pause/break
Types of keyboards

 Keyboards are classified into different types based

on the size and their mode of usage.
QWERTY Keyboard:
 Theearlier typewriters had keys in the range
QWERTY.
 Early computer keyboards were also built in the
same manner for the ease of use for typewriter
users.
 This keyboard is the most common one used by all
of us and hence needs no introduction.
Example
 Laptop Sized Keyboard:
 The keys are reduced and the space between keys are less
in this type of keyboard.
 These are specially designed for laptops.
 Most keyboards do not have numeric keypads and some
functions are incorporated with other keys on the
keyboard.
 Wireless Keyboard
 Bluetooth, IR technology or Radio Frequency is used to
connect the keyboard with the computer device.
 We can port the keyboard and the parent system is not
needed near the keyboard.
 These keyboards are lightweight and smaller in size.
 Virtual Keyboard
 The keyboard used in smartphones is called a virtual
keyboard.
 This keyboard appears when needed and
disappears when typing is completed.
 This can be automatically set as per need. Also in the
windows system, we can use a virtual keyboard that
appears on the screen.
 There is no physical object to carry for a virtual keyboard.
 Ergonomic Keyboard
 This keyboard is mainly designed for users who use both
hands for typing.
 The advantage of this keyboard is less muscle strain and
carpal tunnel syndrome for users.
 The keyboard is built with the view of ergonomics.
 Backlit Keyboard
 The keys have lights which help the users to type even in
the dark.
 These keyboards are available in gaming and traditional
keyboards.
Pointing device

 An input device used to control a pointer on the screen is

called a pointing device.
 A pointer is a small symbol that appears on the screen in
GUI.
 A pointing device can be used to select text, graphics and
other objects such as buttons, icons and menu commands.
 Some pointing devices are
 – Mouse
 – Trackball
 – Touchpad / Trackpad
Mouse
 Mouse is the most popular pointing device.
 It is used to input instructions with a pointer on the
screen.
 It is moved on a flat surface to control the movement of
pointer on the screen.
 A mouse usually has two buttons that are used to perform
different tasks such as selecting an object or opening a
program.
 A mouse may also include a wheel that can be rolled with
the finger to scroll the screen.
 Mouse typically connects to the computer through USB
port or wireless connection.
 Different types of mouse are available in market, some of
these types are mechanical mouse, optical mouse,
wireless mouse and touch mouse.
 Mechanical mouse contains a rubber or metal ball inside
it.
 The movement of cursor depends on the movement of
ball.
 This mouse is normally used on a mouse pad, which is a
small pad of rubber or foam to provide easy movement of
the mouse.
 Optical mouse contains no ball inside it, it uses a device
that emits light to detect the mouse movement.
 Optical sensor and laser is used in these types of mouse.
 It is more expensive than mechanical mouse and is the
most widely used mouse.
 Wireless mouse is a type of mouse that does not require a
wire for working.
 It transmits data using wireless technology like radio
waves or infrared light waves.
 Touch mouse is a touch sensitive mouse that recognizes
touch gestures.
 It can also detect the movement of the mouse and
traditional click and scroll operations for example the user
 can press a location on a touch mouse to click
 can sweep thumb on the mouse to scroll pages
 Can slide multiple fingers across the mouse to zoom.
Trackball
 A trackball can be used as an alternative to a mouse.
 It has buttons similar to those on mouse, and has a large
rotating ball on the top.
 The body of the trackball is not moved, instead the ball is
rolled with fingers.
 Position of cursor on the screen is controlled by rotating
the ball.
 Advantage of trackball over mouse is that it takes less
space to move.
Cont…
 A touchpad is a small and flat surface over which the user
moves his finger.
 Movement of the finger moves the cursor on the screen.
 Touchpad also has one or two buttons near it and these
buttons work like mouse buttons.
 Touchpads are built in in laptop computers.
 An external wireless touchpad can also be used with
desktop computers.
Touchscreen

 A touchscreen is a touch sensitive device.

 The user can touch different parts of the screen with the
finger or stylus to input data and issue commands.
 Most of the touch screens now a days are multi touch and
can recognize input from more than one finger at a time.
 For example the user can use two fingers to enlarge and
rotate an image on the screen.
 Touch screens are commonly used in tablets, mobile
devices and ATMs.
 Some models of laptops also have touch screens.
 Touch screens are very popular because user can interact
with the computer easily without an external input
device.
Audio devices

 The process of entering any sound into the computer is

called audio input.
 It may include speech, music or any other sound effects.
 Audio can be entered through different devices such as
microphone, tape players, CD/DVD player or radio.
 Audio devices convert sounds into a form that can be
processed by computer.
 Common audio devices are microphone and MIDI devices.
 Microphone
 – It is an input device that digitally record audio data such
as human voice.
 – It can be plugged into a computer or recorder.
 – It enables users to input text and issue commands orally.
 – The software in the computer converts the sound waves
into digital form, which is then stored in memory for
future use.
 MIDI Devices
 – MIDI stands for musical instrument digital interface.
 – MIDI devices are used to enter music and other sound
effects in computer.
 – These devices connect to sound card in the computer.
 – The user can compose and edit music and many other
sounds using software.
 – Electronic piano keyboard is an example of MIDI device.
Sensor input device

 Sensor is an input device that inputs data directly from

the environment and stores it in the computer.
 It is usually used to detect speed, movement, weight,
pressure, temperature, humidity, wind and images.
 Sensors can be used to sense weather conditions and
earthquakes.
Biometric devices

 Biometric is a technology to authenticate the identity of a

person by verifying personal characteristics.
 Biometric devices analyze some biometric identifier and
then program grant access to a system or room.
 A biometric device converts a personal characteristics in
digital code.
Cont…

 This digital code is compared with a digital code stored in

computer.
 The access is not granted to the user if both digital codes
do not match
Technologies
 Biometric Face Recognition
 Biometric face recognition technology has been around for
some time.
 Usually special features of a person's face are turned into an algorithm,
which helps with the identification of the person with face biometrics.
 Often these algorithms use the shape, position, and size of the jaw,
nose, cheekbones, and even the eyes.
 After these features are noted, the software then works to search the
database for other images that have features that match.
 Retinal Biometrics
 Special scans are done using infrared light to look at the
retina's blood vessels and their unique pattern.
 The benefit of retinal biometric technology is that it is
very difficult to replicate or forge retinal patterns.
 However, security scanners for this technology are quite
expensive and many people find that the security scanners
are intrusive, since light beams are shown directly into
the eye.
 Biometrics Fingerprint
 When it comes to biometrics fingerprint technology,
it requires the comparison of various features that are in
the fingerprint pattern.
 Three patterns of the ridges in fingerprints are used to
compare features for finger print biometrics.
 Voice Recognition Biometrics
 Systems that use voice recognition biometrics usually require an
individual to recite a series of numbers or a verbal phrase to get a
good vocal sample.
 A microphone captures the vocal sample and then the sample is
converted to a digital format so it can be processed.
 Feature extraction then occurs, creating a template of the vocal
pattern.
 At this point, the individual can be identified or verified, depending
on the features of the speech authentication system.
Thank You!