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Arithmetic Operation Using Complement

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22 views26 pages

Arithmetic Operation Using Complement

Uploaded by

abdullahsahi887
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Design

Arithmetic Operations Using Complement


Complement in Binary Number
System

2
Complement in Binary Number
System

 There are two types of complements in binary


number system
1. 1’s complement
2. 2’s complement

3
1’s complement

 All bits are reversed in original number


 Example#1
Original Number: 101011
1’s complement of 101011 = 010100
 Example#2
Original Number: 1100110
1’s complement of 1100110 = 0011001

4
2’s complement

 Add 1 in 1’s complement


 Example#1
Original Number: 101011
1’s complement of 101011 = 010100
2’s complement of 101011 = 010100 + 1 = 010101
 Example#2
Original Number: 1100110
1’s complement of 1100110 = 0011001
2’s complement of 1100110 = 0011001 + 1 = 11010

5
Difference between 1’s and
2’s complement

6
Difference between 1’s and 2’s
complement
 1’s complement is calculated by reversing all
bits of given number
 If add 1 into 1’s complement, then 2’s
complement will be calculated
 If subtract 1 from 2’s complement, then 1’s
complement will be calculated from 2’s
complement.

7
Calculation of 1’s
complement from 2’s
complement

8
Calculation of 1’s complement from 2’s
complement

 Subtract 1 from 2’s complement to get 1’s


complement. 780 – 1 =
 Example#1
2’s complement of 1100110 = 11010
1’s complement of 1100110 = 11010 – 1 = 11001
 Example#2
2’s complement of 1011 = 0101
1’s complement of 1011 = 101 – 1 = 100

9
Calculation of 2’s
complement without 1’s
complement

10
Calculation of 2’s complement without 1’s
complement
 Leave 1st non-zero Least Significant Bits
(LSB) as it is and reverse all remaining bits
 Example#1
2’s complement of 1100110 = 0011010
 Example#2
2’s complement of 1011 = 0101

11
Importance of Complements

12
Importance of Complements
 Almost all computer-operation are based on
arithmetic operations.
 There are four basic arithmetic operations.
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
 Computer can do all arithmetic operations by
using only addition. This can only be done by
using complements.

13
Arithmetic Operations

14
Arithmetic Operations

 There are four basic arithmetic operations.


1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division

15
Arithmetic Operations
(Addition)

16
Addition
 Add bits of given numbers and add carry to
next Most Significant Bit (MSB) if it exists.
 Example#1: addition of 1010 and 1010

1010
1010
10100

17
Addition
 Example#2: addition of 1110 and 1010

1110
1010
11000

18
Addition
 Example#3: addition of 1110, 1010 and 1100

1110 1110
1010 1010
11000 1100
1100 100100
100100

19
Arithmetic Operations
(Subtraction)

20
Subtraction using 2’s complement
 Example#1: Subtraction between of 1011 and 101

1001 1001 1001


-101 -0101 +1011
10100

Answer: 100

21
Subtraction using 2’s complement
 Example#1: Subtraction between of 1011 and 101

101 0101 0101


-1001 -1001 +0111
1100

Answer: -100

22
Arithmetic Operations
(Multiplication)

23
Multiplication
 Multiplication of 1011 and 101

1001
1001
101
101
1001
00000
100100
101101

Answer: 101101
24
Arithmetic Operations
(Division)

25
Division

26

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