Today's Agenda

Normal
Distribution
Standard Normal
Curve Notations
Z-Scores
What is a Normal Distribution?
is a probability distribution of
continuous random variables. Many
random variables are either normally
distributed or, at least approximately
normally distributed.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
&
ITS PROPERTIES
A normal distribution is a bell –
shaped curve as portrayed by the
figure below.

mean
 A normal distribution is symmetric
with respect to the mean μ.
The total area at
the left of the … which is equal the
mean is 0.5 total area at the right
of the mean.

The total area in the normal distribution under the curve

is equal to 1.
 The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis
or the horizontal line.
This curve
approaches but
never touches…

…this is the horizontal line

The value of the variable gets closer and closer but will never be
equal to 0.
 The shape of the normal distribution is affected
by (along with μ) by the standard deviation σ.
With large σ means the distribution is more
dispersed around the center.

μ
Between the two normal curve, the one at the
left has greater standard deviation.
 The mean, median, and mode are
equal. This means that to determine if
the data are normally distributed the
measures of central tendency can be
the bases.
The curve is unimodal. The highest point on the
curve occurs at x = µ (mean).

The value of the population mean (μ) dictates

the position of the normal curve. If the mean
increases, the normal curve follows the value of
the mean and it moves to the right. If the mean
decreases, the curve moves to the left.
 Figure 1

μ = 39 μ = 55
σ=8 σ=8
z
23 31 39 47 55 63 71

Figure 2

μ = 80 μ = 80
σ = 20 σ = 10
z
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
 Guidelines for Finding Areas
Finding Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve
1. Sketch the standard normal curve and shade the appropriate area under the curve.
2. Find the area by following the directions for each case shown.
a. To find the area to the left of z, find the area that corresponds to z in the Standard
Normal Table.

z
0 1.23
 Guidelines for Finding Areas
Finding Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve
b. To find the area to the right of z, use the Standard Normal Table to find the area
that corresponds to z. Then subtract the area from 1.

z
0 1.23
 Guidelines for Finding Areas
Finding Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve
c. To find the area between two z-scores, find the area corresponding to each z-
score in the Standard Normal Table. Then subtract the smaller area from the
larger area.

z
0.75 0 1.23
 Let’s have example no. 1
z = 0 & z = 1.37
The area of this
shaded part is
0.4147

Thus the area bound by z = 0 & z = 1.37 is 0.4147

Let’s have example no. 2
z = 0 & z = −1.44
The area of this
shaded part is
0.4251

The area of this shaded part is 0.4251

Let’s have example no. 3
z>1.9

This is the
required
area.
Let’s have example no. 3

Therefore, the required area is

0.5 – 0.4713 = 0.0287
Let’s have example no. 4
z>−1.23

This is the required

area.

−1.23)

0
 Let’s have example no. 4

Therefore, the required area is 0.3907 + 0.5 = 0.8907

Let’s have example no. 5
P(0.93 < z < 1.8) This is the required
area.

0 0.93 1.8
 Let’s have example no. 5

Therefore, the required area is 0.4641 - 0.3238. = 0.1403

 Try This!

1. P(−1.17 < z < 2.03)

2.P(1.10 < z < 2.17)

Z - SCORES
 Z-
SCORES
The z – scores are used to locate
a value of X (a raw score or a
value of random variable) within a
population or distribution. where:
The areas (and hence, z = z- score or standard score
probabilities) under normal curve
are given in terms of z – scores. x = observed value
Given a normal random variable µ = mean
X with mean (µ) and standrad
deviation (σ), each value of x of σ= standard deviation
the variable can be transformed
into z-scores using the formula,
From raw scores
x to z - scores
In our normal distribution, the horizontal
axis is allotted for our random variable
(or raw scores) X.

After “converting” X to z - scores, we will

obtain a “transformed” normal
distribution. In this case, the horizontal
axis is no longer allotted for X Instead,
the axis is now allotted for z.
The z –score determines a raw score’s
distance from the center (i.e. mean) in
terms of standard deviation.

The “transformed” normal distribution is

called the standard normal
distribution.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
Area under the normal curve: This green portion has
an area of 0.6826. This
0.6826 signifies that 68.26% of
the population can be
Under the normal curve, the found within the
area betweenZ=−1 & Z=1 is interval.
about 0.6826. In terms of
probability, we have
P(−1 < Z < 1) = 0.6826.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
This green portion has
Area under the normal curve: an area of 0.9544. This
0.9544 signifies that 95.44%
of the population can
Under the normal curve, the be found within the
interval.
area between Z = −2 & Z = 2
is about 0.9544. In terms of
probability, we have
P(−2 < Z < 2) = 0.9544.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
This green portion has
Area under the normal curve: an area of 0.9974. This
0.9974 signifies that 99.74% of
the population can be
Under the normal curve, found within the
area
the between Z= −3 & Z= 3
interval.

about
is 0.9974. In terms
of probability, we have P(−3 <
Z < 3) = 0.9974.
 Example
A national examination was administered to every secondary
schools in Philippines. The scores of the students of the ABC
Academy has a mean of 82 and standard deviation of 5. Compute
the z – score of the following students in the academy. Assume
that the scores of the students in the said academy are normally
distributed.
Student A B C D

Student 7 8 8 9
(x) 5 0 8 5
 SOLUTION
In the problem, we have μ=82 & σ=5.
Following the formula: , we have
SUMMARY
 Convert Random Variable X
into Z – scores
Example 1:
A certain type of battery has a mean shelf life of 600 days with a
standard deviation of 28 days. Assume that the shelf life of the
batteries are normally distributed.
a.What is the probability that the shelf life of the battery is
over 630 days?
b.What is the probability that the shelf life of the battery is
between 520 and 550 days?
 SOLUTION
a. We are concerned with the probability of a randomly selected
battery to have a shelf life of over 630 days. That is, P(X > 630).

Therefore, the required probability is 0.1423 or 14.23%

 SOLUTION
b. We are concerned with the probability of a randomly selected battery to
have a shelf life between 520 and 550 days. That is, P(520 < X < 550).
 Try This!
The length of a tube received by a certain
laboratory have a mean of 4.62 inches and
a standard deviation of 0.23
inches.
a. What percentage of all these rubes
are longer than 5.00 inches?
b.What percentage of the tubes are
between 4.35 and 4.85 inches long?
 SOLUTION
a. P(X >
5.00)

The required probability is 0.0495 or 4.95% of the tubes are

longer than 5.00 inches.
 SOLUTION
b. P(4.35 < X < 4.85)

.
The required probability is 0.0376 or 3.76%
 SOLUTION
a. P(X > b. P(X >
86) 80)

0.5(300) = 150 faculty 0.0793(300) = 24 faculty

members members
 SOLUTI
c. P(80 < X < ON
90)

0.0943(300) = 28 faculty members

 Try This!
The monthly salaries in a company with 5000
employees are normally distributed. The mean
salary is P 8,100 with a standard deviation of
P1000. Assuming the normality of the monthly
salaries, then determine the following:
a. The number of employees receiving a monthly
salaries more than P9000?
b.The number of employees receiving a monthly
salaries less than P7000?
c. The number of employees earning a monthly
income between P6000 to 10000.
 ASSIGNMENT!
A. Anticipation-Reaction Guide. Complete the table by putting check
as to AGREE or DISGAREE on the corresponding columns for the
following statements.

B. Solve for the area required.

1. P(−2.14 < z < -0.03)
 ASSIGNMENT!

Solve the following problems. Show all pertinent solutions.

In the past algebra classes, records show that the average
score of the students in mid-term exam was computed to be
equal to 83.5 with a standard deviation of 4.82. If there are 50
students in a particular class, then assuming the normality of
the distribution, how many of the students are expected to
have a mid-term score of:
a. above 83.5?
b.below 70?
c.above 90?
d.between 75 to 85?
 Peta #1
Directions:
Make a sketch for each of the 3 areas under the normal curve
as stated in the empirical rule. Using a mosaic art, shade the
area that corresponds to the area under the normal curve. You
may use eggshells, old magazines, dried leaves or any
materials available at home.
Percentiles
●A percentile is a measure used to indicate the
value below which a given percentage of
observations fall. Percentiles are usually
utilized to compare scores.
Example #1:
Assuming that the scores of the students in the exam is
normally distributed, what is the percentile of the student
who scored 94 points if the mean score is 85 and the
standard deviation is 12
Step 1: Identify the given

Step 2: Convert the normal value to standardized

value
Step 3: Draw the normal curve indicating the z-
value and its corresponding area

Note: Percentile is always below or to the left of z

z = Below 0.75
Step 4: Use the z- table to find the area that
corresponds to z= 0.75

The area that corresponds to 0.75 is 0.2734

Step 5: Compute the area

Since we are looking for the

area below z= 0.75, we will
add 0.2734 with 0.5

= 0.5 + 0.2734 = 0.7734

Therefore, the student belongs to
77th percentile.
Converting Percentile to Z-scores
1. Find the 65th percentile of the normal curve
Look for the z-table and
find the nearest value of
65th percentile = 0.5 + 0.15 0.1500

0.1500 is 0.1517 or z= 0.39

Therefore, the 65th

percentile of the normal
curve corresponding to z=
0.39
2. Find the 38th percentile of the normal curve
38th percentile

0.5 - 0.38= 0.12

0.1200 the nearest value is 0.1217

Therefore, the 38th percentile of

the normal curve corresponds to z
= - 0.31
Try this! (Notebook)
1. Find the 60th percentile
2. Find the 40 percentile
th

3. The results of a nationwide aptitude test in

mathematics are normally distributed with mean = 63
and standard deviation = 5. What is the 97.5th
percentile?