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Lecture 4, 5 Osi Model

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22 views30 pages

Lecture 4, 5 Osi Model

Uploaded by

ahmedmangi543
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter No 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-

Based Lecture #04,5

Applications
TE-256
Data Communication &
Networking

Compiled By:
Imran Khan
Dawood University of Engineering & Technology
Department of Telecommunication Engineering imran.khan@@duet.edu.pk
Need For Protocol Architecture

 data exchange can involve complex


procedures, cf. file transfer example
 better if task broken into subtasks
 implemented separately in layers in stack
 each layer provides functions needed to
perform comms for layers above
 using functions provided by layers
below
 peer layers communicate with a
Key Elements of a Protocol
 syntax - data format
 semantics - control info & error handling
 timing - speed matching & sequencing
OSI MODEL
Physical Layer:
Physical Layer:
• Physical layer is the bottom(layer 1) of OSI model.
• It is responsible for the actual physical connection between the devices.
• The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one node to
next.
Functions of Physical Layer:
• Convert bits to signals
• Bit synchronization
• Manage physical connection
• Bit rate control
• Line configuration
• Physical topology
• Transmission mode
• Multiplexing
• Switching

PDU in a physical layer are bits


Data Link Layer:
Data Link Layer:

• The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one node to the next.

• PDU at DLL are Frames

Functions of Data Link Layer:


• Framing:- divides the data from N/W layer into frames.

• Physical Addressing:- Add a header to the frame to define the physical address of the
source and the destination machines.

• Feedback:- after transmitting the frames, the system waits for the feedback.

• Error Control:- It provides the mechanism of error control in which it detects and
retransmits damaged or lost frames.
Network Layer:
Network layer:
• It is responsible for the source to destination delivery of a packets
across multiple networks.
• PDU at Network layer are packets
Functions of Network layer:
• Routing:- Provide mechanism to transmit data over independent
networks that are linked together.
• Logical addressing:- Adds IP addresses of sender and Receiver.
• Provides Best path determination and Shortest path
Transport Layer:
Transport Layer:
• It is responsible for source process to destination process delivery of
entire message.
• PDU at Transport Layer are Segments
• Transport layer provides two types of services:
1) Connection Oriented Transmission: In this type of transmission the
receiving device sends an acknowledgment back to the source after a
packet or group of packet is received. Such as TCP
2) Connectionless Transmission: In this type of transmission the
receiver does not acknowledge receipt of a packet. Such as UDP
1) TCP:
• Transport layer used TCP for reliable connection oriented service.
• Assurance that packet reached
• Sequencing : Make a sequence for reassembly at the receiving side.
• Faster Protocol
• Error Control: Make sure that the entire message arrives without
errors else retransmit
• Flow Control: Transport layer makes sure that the sender and the
receiver communicate at a rate they both can control
2) UDP
• Transport layer used this protocol for unreliable connectionless
service.
• No assurance that packet reached.
• No sequencing & No error checking
• Useful in real time data transfer and quick transfer of large data.
• It follows that delivery is more important than accurate delivery.
• More faster than TCP
Functions of Transport Layer:
 Segmentation and Reassembly: Divide the message received
from Session layer into Segments and number them to make a
sequence for reassembly at the receiving side.

 Service point addressing: Transport layer makes sure that the


message is delivered to the correct process on destination machine.

 Error Control: Make sure that the entire message arrives without errors
else retransmit.

 Flow Control: Transport layer makes sure that the sender


Session Layer:
Session Layer:
• It is responsible for beginning, maintaining & ending the communication
between two devices, which is called session.
• PDU at Session Layer are DATA
• The layer that controls the communication session between two
computers and creates and maintains the sessions and add port
numbers which each sessions
• Establishment, maintaining and ending a session:
Sends SYN packet – establish request
Receives ACK & SYN- established
To end – Sender sends ACK
Presentation Layer:
Presentation Layer:
• This layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the
information exchanged between two systems.
• PDU at Presentation Layer are DATA
Functions of Presentation Layer:
• Data Translation: Encoding and Decoding
• Data Encryption/ Decryption: For security and privacy purpose.
• Data Compression/ Decompression: Data compression reduces the
number of bits contained in the information.
Application Layer:
Application Layer:
• Provides User interfaces and support for Services, like email, file
transfer.
• Application layer includes several high-level protocols that are used for
wide variety of applications like:
• TELNET(Terminal Network): Used for remote login.
• FTP(File Transfer Protocol): For transfer of file from one system to
another.
• HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol): For fetching web pages on
world wide web.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet
standard for electronic mail (email) transmission
Video
Break Time

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