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Visual Cryptography

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9 views

Visual Cryptography

Uploaded by

Jayed Sabit99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cryptography and Network Security

Visual Cryptography
Introduction
• Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information
(pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that decryption becomes a mechanical
operation that does not require a computer.
• Such a technique thus would be lucrative for defense and security.
• Plaintext is as an image.
• Encryption involves creating “shares” of the image which in a sense will be a piece of the
image.
• Give the shares to the respective holders.
• Decryption – involving bringing together the an appropriate combination and the human
visual system.
Concept of Secrecy
• Two or more share images are produced from a secret image.
• The secret image can only be revealed when all of the share images are brought together.
Concept of Secrecy
• Basically it involves dividing the image into two parts:
▫ Key : a transparency
▫ Cipher : a printed page
• Separately, they are random noise
• Combination reveals an image
Secret Sharing - Visual
• Refers to a method of sharing a secret to a group of participants.
• Dealer provides a transparency to each one of the n users.
• Any k of them can see the secret by stacking their transparencies, but any k-1 of them gain
no information about it.
• Main result of the paper include practical implementations for small values of k and n.
Background
• The image will be represented as black and white pixels
• Grey Level: The brightness value assigned to a pixel; values range from black, through
gray, to white.
• Hamming Weight (H(V)): The number of non-zero symbols in a symbol sequence.
• Concept of qualified and forbidden set of participants.
Encoding the Pixels
Pixel

Share 1

Share 2

Overlaid
2 out of 2 scheme (2 sub-pixels)
• Black and white image: each pixel divided in 2 sub-pixels
• Choose the next pixel; if white, then randomly choose one of the two rows for white.
• If black, then randomly choose between one of the two rows for black.
• Also we are dealing with pixels sequentially; in groups these pixels could give us a better
result.
2 out of 2 scheme (2 sub-pixels)
secret S1 = 1 1 1 1

S2 = 1 1 1 1

S1 OR S2 = 1 1 1 1 1 1

S1 = 1 1 1 1

1 S2 = 1 1 1 1

S1 OR S2 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 out of 2 scheme (2 sub-pixels)
2 out of 2 scheme (4 sub-pixels)
Advantages of Visual Cryptography
• Encryption doesn’t required any NP-Hard problem dependency
• Decryption algorithm not required (Use a human Visual System). So a person unknown
to cryptography can decrypt the message.
• We can send cipher text through FAX or E-MAIL
• Infinite Computation Power can’t predict the message.
Hiding Secret Image

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