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Module 2 - Angular Measurement

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19 views13 pages

Module 2 - Angular Measurement

Uploaded by

Ananthakrishnan M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Angular Measurement

Module - 2
Universal Bevel Protractor
• The universal bevel protractor with 5 minutes accuracy is commonly found in all tool
rooms and metrology laboratories.
• It has a base plate or stock whose surface has high degree of flatness and surface
finish. The stock is placed on the work-piece whose angle is to be measured.
• An adjustable blade attached to a circular dial is made to coincide with the angular
surface. It can be swivelled to the required angle and can be locked into position to
facilitate accurate reading of the circular scale that is mounted on the dial.

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 2


Measurement of Angles Using Bevel Protractor

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 3


Optical Bevel Protractor
• Optical protractor is a simple extension of the universal bevel protractor. A lens in
the form of an eye‐piece is provided to facilitate easy reading of the protractor
scale.
• The blade is clamped to the dial by means of a blade clamp. This enables fitting
blades of different lengths depending on the work part being measured.
• In vernier protractors, the eye‐piece is attached
on top of the vernier scale itself, which together
move as a single unit over the stationary dial
scale. The eye‐piece provides a magnified view of
the reading for the convenience of the user

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 4


Sine Bar
• The sine bar is used to measure angles based on the sine principle. In sine bar one
of the cylinders, called rollers, is resting on a flat surface, the bar can be set at any
desired angle by simply raising the second cylinder.
• The required angle is obtained when the difference in height between the two
rollers is equal to the sine of the angle multiplied by the distance between the
centres of the rollers.

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 5


Sine Bar (Contd…)
• Sine bars are made of corrosion resistant steel, hardened, ground and stabilised.
The size is specified by the central distance between the cylinders, which is
100mm, 200mm or 300mm.
• The upper surface has high degree of flatness up to 0.001 mm for 100 mm length
and is perfectly parallel to the axis joining the centres of the two cylinders.
• The sine of the angle ‘θ’ formed between the upper
surface of sine bar and the surface plate (datum) is
given by :
Sin (θ) = h/L

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 6


Sine Bar (Contd…)
• The unknown angle of the work part is first measured using an instrument such as
bevel protractor. Then, the work part is clamped to the sine bar and set on top of a
surface plate to that angle using slip gauges

• A dial gauge fixed to a stand is brought in


contact with the top surface of the work part
at one end and set to zero.

• Then the dial indicator is moved to the other


end of work part in a straight line. A zero
reading on the dial indicator indicates the
work part surface is perfectly horizontal and
the set angle is the right one.

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 7


Sine Centre
• Sine centre is used to measure the angles of conical work pieces, which are held
between centres .

• The base of the sine centre has high degree of flatness and slip gauges are wrung
and placed on it in order to set the sine bar to the required angle.

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 8


Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 9
Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 10
Taper Angle Measurement

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 11


Autocollimator

• Autocollimator projects a beam of collimated light on to a reflector, which is


deflected by a small angle about the vertical plane. The light reflected back is
magnified and focused either on to an eye‐piece or a photo detector. The deflection
between the beam and the reflected beam is a measure of angular tilt of the
reflector.
Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 12
Autocollimator (Contd…)

• The reticle is an illuminated target with cross hair pattern, which is positioned in the
focal plane of an objective lens. A plane mirror perpendicular to the optical axis
serves the purpose of reflecting an image of the pattern back on to the observation
point.
• A viewing system is required to observe the relative position of the image of the
cross wires. This is done in most of the autocollimators by means of a simple eye‐
piece.
• If rotation of the plane reflector by an angle θ results in the displacement of the
image by an amount d, then, d = 2f θ, where f is the focal length of the objective
lens.

Courtesy : Oxford University Press 2013 13

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