22UME052

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REFRIGERATOR

INTRODUCTION:
 A refrigerator is a household appliance designed to store food and keep it cold. It works by using a combination of
insulation, a cooling system, and a temperature control mechanism to maintain a cold temperature inside the
appliance. Refrigerators are typically used to preserve perishable foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and
meats, slowing down the growth of bacteria and other pathogens that can cause food to spoil.

 Refrigerators are typically made using a combination of metal, plastic, and insulation materials. The outer shell is
often made of steel, while the inner lining is usually made of plastic or another type of non-reactive material. The
insulation is crucial for maintaining the cold temperature inside the fridge and is typically made of foam or other
insulating materials.

 The cooling system of a refrigerator typically consists of a compressor, condenser coils, evaporator coils, and a
refrigerant gas. The compressor compresses the refrigerant gas, raising its temperature and pressure. The hot, high-
pressure gas then flows through the condenser coils, where it releases heat and condenses into a liquid.
The liquid refrigerant then flows through the expansion valve, where it expands and evaporates, absorbing heat from the
interior of the fridge and cooling it down. The cold gas then flows back to the compressor to start the cycle again.
Overall, refrigerators are complex appliances that rely on several key components working together to maintain a cool
temperature inside and preserve food.
USES OF REFRIGERATOR
• Food Preservation: One of the primary uses of a refrigerator is to store perishable foods such as fruits,
vegetables, dairy products, and meats. The cold temperature inside the refrigerator slows down the growth of
bacteria and other microorganisms, helping to preserve the food and keep it fresh for a longer period.
• Temperature Control: Refrigerators provide a controlled environment for storing food at the optimal temperature.
This helps to maintain the quality and safety of the food, reducing the risk of spoilage and foodborne illnesses.
• Freezing: Many refrigerators come with a freezer compartment or a separate freezer unit. Freezers are used to store
frozen foods such as meats, vegetables, and prepared meals. Freezing food can extend its shelf life even further
than refrigeration.
• Ice Production: Some refrigerators have built-in ice makers that produce ice cubes. This feature is convenient for
keeping beverages cold or for use in recipes that call for ice.
• Beverage Cooling: Refrigerators are often used to chill beverages such as water, juice, soda, and beer. This provides
a refreshing drink on hot days or for special occasions.
• Storage of Medications: Some medications, such as insulin, need to be stored at a controlled temperature to
maintain their effectiveness. Refrigerators can be used to store these medications safely.
• Preservation of Flowers and Plants: Certain flowers and plants benefit from being kept in a cool environment.
Refrigerators can be used to extend the life of cut flowers or to store bulbs and seeds.
Overall, refrigerators play a crucial role in modern life by helping to preserve food, maintain a healthy
lifestyle, and improve convenience in the kitchen.
WORKING PROCESS OF
REFRIGERATOR
• The basic principle is that whenever a liquid coolant is passed through things at a higher temperature, it
absorbs the heat, it gets evaporated and the cooling effect is produced. The Refrigerator works on principle
of evaporation.
• The refrigeration cycle is based on the principle of the Second Law of Thermodynamics that a liquid
expanding into a gas extracts heat from the surrounding substance or area.

Refrigerators work by process of evaporation. By compressing and depressurising refrigerant, fridges


create cool air which is then circulated to keep food fresh. Fridges help preserve food by removing the heat
from the inside of the appliance. In a similar manner to a freezer, a fridge uses the process of evaporation to
keep food fresh. All fridges feature a compressor, which is a pump that compresses refrigerant in gas form. The
refrigerant gas is released and condensed into a hot liquid. Once the refrigerant has passed through the
condenser coils, it travels to the evaporator coils cooling compartment, where it expands into a gas, making the
coils cold in the process. Finally, the gas flows back to the compressor where it is converted into a liquid as the
cycle continues.
HOW ARE REFRIGERATORS MADE?
Standard procedures for manufacturing the outer shell involve cutting and welding sheets of metal into appropriate sizes
and spraying them with a coat of paint. The interiors of the refrigerators are usually made of plastic that require
moulding and shaping before being placed on the assembly line.
Usually, steel forms the body and shelves, and manufacturers use plastic for the interior
lining and compartments. These materials offer durability, ease of cleaning, and excellent insulation properties. In the
refrigerator cycle, there are 5 basic components- fluid refrigerant; a compressor, which controls the flow of refrigerant;
the condenser coils(on the outside of the fridge); the evaporator coils(on the inside of the fridge) and expansion device.
Gases mostly used in the refrigerator are Tetrafluoroethane or Norflurane. Earlier, manufacturers were using ammonia
and other harmful gases. These gases badly affect the atmosphere and increase the heat in the environment, harming
the Ozone Layer.
1.COMPRESSOR: It is essentially an engine. Its job is to kickstart the engine cooling process. The compressor pumps the
vapor refrigerant(the cooling agent) through the fridge by increasing the pressure and temperature of
the coolant as it makes its way through the refrigerator cycle. Typically, we will find the compressor on the bottom or the
back of the refrigerator.
2.CONDENSER COILS: Located on the back or bottom of the fridge, are the pipes where the vapor refrigerant condenses
into liquid form as the compressor continues to increase pressure. As the condensation process occurs, the refrigerant
releases heat that is then pushed out into the outside air. This heat is the air that we will typically feel coming out from
under the fridge.
3.EXPANSION DEVICE: The expansion device causes a rapid pressure reduction in the refrigerant, transforming
it back to a vapor state. Located between the condenser and evaporator coils, its function is to control the
release of pressure as the change of state from liquid to vapor occurs.

TYPES OF REFRIGERATOR:
The six types of fridge configurations are:
(i) Top or bottom freezer
(ii) French door
(iii) Side-by-side
(iv) Undercounter, and
(v) Quad door refrigerators.
CONCLUSION
• Refrigerators have revolutionized food storage and preservation, becoming an indispensable appliance in modern
households. They work on the principle of removing heat from the interior to cool the contents, thereby extending the
shelf life of perishable items.
• Over the years, refrigerators have evolved significantly, with improvements in energy efficiency, design, and
functionality. Modern refrigerators come in various types, such as top-freezer, bottom-freezer, side-by-side, and French
door, catering to different user preferences and space requirements.
• Energy efficiency is a key focus in refrigerator design, with advances in insulation materials and compressor technology
leading to more eco-friendly appliances. Additionally, features like adjustable shelves, humidity-controlled drawers, and
water dispensers enhance convenience and usability.
• In conclusion, refrigerators play a vital role in daily life, offering efficient and effective food storage solutions. Continued
innovation in refrigerator technology promises even greater efficiency and functionality, ensuring that refrigerators
remain a cornerstone of modern living.

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