Operation of the

Automatic Voltage
Regulator (A.V.R)

PRODUCT TRAINING
PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - as an electronic switch

X+ (F1) A.C Power Input

A.V.R from Main Stator
D.C Output ( 170 - 240V)
From A.V.R XX- (F2)
Into Sensing supply
Exciter Stator from Main Stator
Exciter ( 170 - 240V
2 or 3 phase)
Rotor
& Stator

Bearing

Main Rotor
Main Rotor Shaft

Rectifier
Fan

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - as an electronic switch

AVR
X+ (F1) A.C Power Input
XX- (F2) A.V.R from Main Stator
D.C Output ( 170 - 240V)
From A.V.R
Into Sensing supply
Exciter Stator from Main Stator
Exciter ( 170 - 240V
2 or 3 phase)
Rotor
& Stator

Bearing

Main Rotor
Main Rotor Shaft

Rectifier
Fan

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - as an electronic switch
 DIODE CIRCUIT  SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)

ON
Gate

A.C Power A.C Power

Supply AVR Supply
Control
Circuit
X

1/2 Wave
1/2 Wave D.C Controlled D.C

Exciter field Exciter field

 A DIODE will conduct continuously, producing half wave rectification of the A.C supply.

 A DIODE, however, would not CONTROL the D.C into the exciter field, which is necessary to
control the Generator voltage.

 A SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR or THYRISTOR) is a diode with a control GATE.

 The SCR will only switch ON when the GATE receives a signal from the AVR controls.

PMG
PRODUCT TRAINING
PRODUCT TRAINING
 Typical Self-Excited A.V.R Type SA465 P/N E000-24652

VOLTS F2 F1 7 8 8 Z2

SAL

wn J1000

M275V
1 2 3

C1334
R6- µ33
48300
wn J1000
L L
10nk
DROOP S1 S2 A1 A2 TRIM

SA465-2 AVR
5%

E000-24652
NEWAGE INTERNATIONAL Ltd

W23
47nk

9 0 1
8 2
7 3
6 5 4
STABILITY UFRO 60 C 50

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - Self Excited AVR SA465 A.C
GEN

SURFACE MOUNTED HYBRID SUPPRESSION

UFRO
SYNC LOW PASS
LOW HZ
CIRCUIT FILTER
DETECTOR

PRECISION
POWER
VOLTAGE
ACCESSORY SUPPLIES
REFERENCE
INPUT V/TRIM

VOLTAGE PEDESTAL
SENSING SENSING PRECISION & RAMP
RESISTORS RECTIFIER AMPLIFIER
SUPPLY CIRCUIT

LEVEL POWER
DETECTOR CONTROL
REMOTE
& DRIVER DEVISES
VOLTAGE
TRIMMER

QUADRATURE STABILITY
DROOP
DROOP
EXCITER
CIRCUIT
C/T STATOR

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - as an electronic switch

Phase Control of AVR power supply (Self Excited)

AC power supply to
AVR 170 to 240V.
50 or 60 HZ .

D.C Power supply (1/2 cycle

rectification)

Power ON
After time
OFF (T) OFF

 NO LOAD D.C Pulses into the Exciter Stator X+(F1) XX-(F2)

 The power device (Thyristor or SCR) is switched ON by the control
(T)
circuit, after time delay (T).
 The Thyristor automatically switches OFF as the power supply pulse
falls to zero after each cycle.
 Number of pulses are the same as the A.C power supply frequency
(50 or 60/second)

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - as an electronic switch
Phase Control of AVR power supply (Self Excited)
Power ON
After time
(T)

OFF OFF

 FULL LOAD D.C Pulses into the Exciter Stator X+(F1) XX-(F2)
(T)
 As LOAD is increased , the time delay (T), will automatically decrease.

 The larger the pulse area (in RED) the higher the D.C power into the exciter stator..

 The AVR will stabilise at the new output level , when the sensing signal returns to the
nominal voltage, (pre-set on the AVR ‘VOLTS’ trimmer).

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - as an electronic switch
Phase Control of AVR power supply (Self Excited)
Power ON
After time
(T)

OFF OFF

 OVERLOAD D.C Pulses into the Exciter Stator X+(F1) XX-(F2)

(T)

Although the red pulses are now termed ‘OVERLOAD’, the AVR requires this additional
power to provide a rapid response to transient load application, ( to reduce voltage DIP).

 This short term response demands most of the power supply available for approximately
0.3 seconds, until the output voltage has stabilised and returned to nominal.

END
PRODUCT TRAINING
PRODUCT TRAINING
 Excitation System - Separately Excited Generators
P2 -P3 -P4

PMG
Power X+ (F1) A.V.R A.C Sensing
Supply 6-7-8 Supply From
To A.V.R XX- (F2) Main Stator
Main Stator (2 or 3 Phase)
Exciter
Rotor
& Stator

Bearing

Main Rotor
Main Rotor Shaft

Rectifier
Fan

 THE PMG GENERATOR PROVIDES A SEPARATE POWER SUPPLY FOR AVR

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Typical PMG Powered AVR Type MX341 P/N E000-23412/1P
K2 K1 P2 P3 XX X P4 3 2 2 1

30114/00166

S2 S1 A2 A1
TRIM
Input Var/ PFC3

63V47µF

MX341-2 E000-23412
[Live Terminals]
ELECTRIC SHOCK
WARNING!
DROOP Input Droop C/T

V2115

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
47nk
VOLTS Linking for

580µ0k
W23 6%

3 Phase
Sensing Unit

47nk
1µ0k

1µ0k

DIP EXC TRIP

47nk

47nk
47nk

47nk
100nk

100nk

1µ0k

UFRO 3 2 1 STAB C B A

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - Separately Excited AVR MX341
A.C
PMG
UFRO SYNCHRONISING
& ENGINE CIRCUIT
RELIEF

POWER
SOFT RECTIFIER
START
CIRCUIT

PRECISION POWER
VOLTAGE SUPPLIES
REFERENCE
ACCESSORY
INPUT V/TRIM

+
-
GENERATOR ISOLATION - POWER
SENSING POWER
VOLTAGE & AVERAGE -AMPLIFIER CONTROL CONTROL
SENSING RESISTORS
CONVERTER DRIVER DEVISES

-
REMOTE OVER
VOLTAGE EXCITATION
TRIMMER DETECTOR

QUADRATURE STABILITY
DROOP CIRCUIT
DROOP EXCITER
C/T
STATOR

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - Separately excited system
Phase Control of AVR power supply (Separately excited PMG)
3 AC Input to AVR from PMG

AC Rectified to D.C (Full wave, 2 diodes missing)

 The A.C power is rectified with 4 diodes.
 This allows the (Thyristor or SCR) to switch OFF
in the gaps between power supply pulses.
Power ON
After time
(T)
OFF OFF

 NO LOAD D.C Pulses into the Exciter Stator winding

(T)
 Pulses per second = PMG frequency (for 8 Pole Generator):-
 100 pulses for 1500 RPM
 120 pulses for 1800 RPM

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - Separately excited system
Phase Control of AVR power supply (Separately excited PMG)
3 AC Input to AVR from PMG

AC Rectified to D.C (Full wave, 2 diodes missing)

 The A.C power is rectified with 4 diodes.
 This allows the (Thyristor or SCR) to switch OFF
in the gaps between power supply pulses.
Power ON
After time
(T)
OFF OFF

(T)

 As LOAD is increased , the time delay (T), will automatically decrease.

The larger the pulse area (in RED) the higher the D.C power into the exciter stator.

END
PRODUCT TRAINING
 Typical PWM Controlled AVR Type MA330 P/N E000- 13300
WITH INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR POWER DEVICE, (IGBT).
14V TRP AOR RMV 1 2 0 A1A2 0 S1 S2 E4 E3 B0 B1
0
W 2115

2
3
1 0 9

4 5 6
12/04

7
8
954623
076-05214

47nk 63
AVR MA330
47nk 63 E000-23300
NEWAGE INTERNATIONAL Ltd

076-05213
ISSUE-1
11/01
WO6G
mx536aj
Maxim
2
3
9 0 1

6 5 4

1410478

1410478
7
8

RIFA
TECHNOLOGIES
CD 10 mf

TECHNOLOGIES
CD
2
3
9 0 1

6 5 4
7
8

10 mf
RIFA

47nk 63
0 6 7 8 F1 F2 P4 P3 P2 K2 K1

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - Pulse Width Modulated Type
110V PULSE TO PMG
OVERVOLTAGE OVER TRIP EXTERNAL
SENSING VOLTAGE PROTECTION
SIGNAL DETECTOR DEVICE

POWER
SOFT PRECISION RECTIFIER
START VOLTAGE & SUPPLY
CIRCUIT REFERENCE SHUTDOWN
CIRCUIT

UFRO &
SYNC ENGINE
CIRCUIT RELIEF

REMOTE
VOLTAGE
TRIMMER +

- POWER
GENERATOR CONTROL
SENSING RMS
VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER CONTROL DEVICE
RESISTORS CONVERTOR
SENSING DRIVER (IGBT)

-
DROOP QUADRATURE
C/T DROOP OVER
EXCITATION
DETECTOR

ACCESSORY
STABILITY
INPUT V/TRIM EXCITER
CIRCUIT
STATOR

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - Separately Excited system (PMG)
Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) control of AVR Power Supply
 3 AC Power supply from PMG Full Wave Rectification of PMG power supply
140 - 220V ( 100 - 120 HZ)
+

 Switching frequency of IGBT POWER DEVICE = 500 HZ , ( 2 mSecs. per pulse ).

IGBT = INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR

t = 20 mSec t = 20 mSec t = 20 mSec t = 20 mSec

-
ZERO LOAD HALF LOAD FULL LOAD TRANSIENT / OVERLOAD

 D.C power to the exciter stator is increased by pulse width modulation, maintaining constant voltage.
 Transient/overload is required for short term overload conditions, and short circuit performance.

PRODUCT TRAINING
 Operation of AVR - SX, SA, MX & MA Standard Features

SA465 MA325 MA329

SX460 SX440 SX421 MX341 MX321 MA330
REMOTE VOLTS TRIMMER

UNDER FREQ. ROLL OFF WITH L.E.D

QUADRATURE DROOP TRIMMER

ACCESSORY INPUT

VARIABLE UFRO (DIP)

CURRENT FORCING AND EXC. PROT.

3 PHASE RMS SENSING

OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION

CURRENT LIMITING OPTION

VARIABLE UFRO DWELL

SOFT START RAMP

EXCITATION LIMITING

PRODUCT TRAINING
 RETURN TO MAIN MENU

RETURN TO AVR SX RETURN TO AVR MX

AVR SX460 AVR MX341
AVR SA465 AVR MX321
AVR SX440 AVR MA325
AVR AS440 AVR MA327
AVR SX421 AVR MA329
AVR MA330

PRODUCT TRAINING