T - Major Landforms

1
Lets Find out:
- What do you think the picture shown above is about?
Task: Using the strategy I see I

think and I wonder express your
understanding
2
Learning objective
Students will get to know the major

landforms of the world.
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Land forms:
- Landforms are the natural features and shapes existent

on the surface of the earth.
- Landforms possess many different physical
characteristics and are spread out throughout the planet.
- DIFFERENT MAJOR LANDFORMS ON EARTH

Major types of landforms on earth include mountains,
plateaus, hills, plains and deserts.
Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, basins,
glaciers, peninsula, Island, Isthmus.
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Major LandForms:
- Major types of landforms on earth include mountains, plateaus, hills, plains and
deserts.
-
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Minor Landforms:
- Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, basins, glaciers, peninsula,

Island, Isthmus.
-
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About Landforms:
Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create

landforms by pushing up mountains and hills.
Erosion by water and wind can wear down land and
create landforms like valleys and canyons.
Both processes happen over a long period of time,
sometimes millions of years.
Landforms can exist under water in the form of
mountain ranges and basins under the sea. The
Mariana Trench, the deepest landform on Earth, is
in the South Pacific Ocean.
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Plains
▪ Plains are flat and

-
broad land areas on the

earth's surface’
▪ Due to their flat lowland
nature and fertile soil,
they are often preferred
for agricultural
activities.
▪ Indo-Gangetic plains
are the most densely
populated regions
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Valley
A valley is a type of landform which usually

features as lowland between two higher
landforms (which may be mountains or -
hills). Usually, valleys contain a stream or
river flowing along the valley floor. Most
sides of large valleys in low-lying areas are
usually gently sloping with an average
slope of just a few degrees. However, in
mountainous regions, valleys are typically
deep and narrow and the sides have
slopes of 35° or more.
The longest and broadest valley in the world
is the Mississippi River Valley, which crosses
the United States from north to south.
the deepest valley in the world is a section of
the Indus River Valley in Kashmir. It passes
through the western end of the Himalayas
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Plateaus
-
• Plateaus or tablelands
are large, highland flat
areas, which are
separated from the
surrounding areas by a
steep slope.
• The Tibetan Plateau,
also referred to as 'the
Roof of the World', is at
an elevation of 16,000
feet.
• Plateaus cover almost
half of earth's surface.
• The Deccan plateau in
India is one of the oldest
plateaus.
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Types of Plateaus (Dissected and Volcanic)
A dissected plateau
forms as a result of
upward movement in
the Earth’s crust. The
uplift is caused by the
slow collision of
tectonic plates. The
Colorado Plateau, in
the western United
States, has been rising
about .03 centimetre
(.01 inch) a year for
more than 10 million
years.
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Volcanic Plateau:
A Volcanic
- Plateau is formed
by numerous small volcanic
eruptions that slowly build up
over time, forming a plateau
from the resulting lava flows.
The North Island Volcanic
Plateau covers most of the
central part of the North
Island of New Zealand. This
volcanic plateau still has
three active volcanoes:
Mount Tongariro, Mount
Ngauruhoe, and Mount
Ruapehu.
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Oceanic Plateaus:
▪ Plateaus in the ocean are divided into two groups.

▪ One group is made of continental crust.
▪ The other is made of igneous rock. Igneous oceanic
plateaus represent an age between the older, less-dense
continental crust and the younger, denser oceanic crust.
▪ The largest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau,
located in central Asia. It stretches through the countries
of Tibet, China, and India and occupies an area of 2.5
million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles), which
is four times the size of the U.S. state of Texas.
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Mountains:
▪ THE MIGHTY CHUNKS rise all

over the world, including the
oceans.
▪ Mountains are steep, sloping
sides and sharp or rounded
ridges, and a high point, called a
peak or summit.
▪ Most geologists classify a
mountain as a landform that rises
at least 1,000 feet (300 meters) or
more above its surrounding area.
▪ A mountain range is a series or
chain of mountains that are close
together.
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How Are Mountains Formed?
▪ when pieces of
Earth's crust—
called plates—
smash against
each other in a
process called
plate tectonics,
and buckle up
like the hood of a
car in a head-on
collision.
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▪ The Himalaya in Asia formed from one such massive
wreck that started about 55 million years ago. Thirty of the
world’s highest mountains are in the Himalaya. The summit
of Mount Everest, at 29,035 feet (8,850 meters), is the
highest point on Earth.
▪ The tallest mountain measured from top to bottom is
Mauna Kea, an inactive volcano on the island of Hawaii in
the Pacific Ocean. Measured from the base, Mauna Kea
stands 33,474 feet (10,203 meters) tall, though it only rises
13,796 feet (4,205 meters) above the sea.
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Fold Mountains
▪ Fold Mountains
▪ Fold mountains are
formed when two of the
Earth’s tectonic plates
collide head on; like two
cars crashing together.
▪ The edges of each
tectonic plate crumple
and buckle, and these
create the mountains.
Some examples of fold
mountain ranges include
the Rocky Mountains in
North America, and the
Himalayan Mountains in
Asia.
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Difference between Young Fold Mountains and Old
Fold Mountains
Young fold mountains Old fold mountains
They are of recent origin. They have been formed long ago.
They are higher than the old
fold They are lower than the young fold
mountains. mountains.
These mountains generally do not
Most of the young fold have pointed peaks due to erosional
mountains have pointed activities of exogenic forces. They have
peaks. rounded peaks.
The Himalayas, the Andes and The Aravali Range, the Appalachian and
the Rockies mountains are the Ural Mountains are some examples of
some examples of young fold old fold mountains.
mountains.
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Hills:
Hills are raised portions of lands, characterized by

presence of slopes (e.g. the
Black Hills). They are formed due to activities of
glaciers and water currents having an elevation of
about 1500 ft.
A hill is usually formed as a result of geological
activities such as faulting(fracture or zone of fracture
between two blocks of rocks) .
A hill is smaller in height than a mountain. Also, it has
sloping sides, unlike the steepness of mountains.
However, a mountain when subjected to extensive
erosion can result in formation of a hill.
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Desert
A large, extremely dry area of land with

sparse(scanty/less) vegetation and laterite soil(It has
both soil and rock)
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Sand Dunes
They are mounds or small hills made up of sand, which are

created due to the action of wind
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1

Lets Find out:

- What do you think the picture shown above is about?

Task: Using the strategy I see I

Students will get to know the major

- Landforms are the natural features and shapes existent

- DIFFERENT MAJOR LANDFORMS ON EARTH

- Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, basins, glaciers, peninsula,

Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create

▪ Plains are flat and

broad land areas on the

A valley is a type of landform which usually

▪ Plateaus in the ocean are divided into two groups.

▪ THE MIGHTY CHUNKS rise all

Young fold mountains Old fold mountains

Hills are raised portions of lands, characterized by

A large, extremely dry area of land with

They are mounds or small hills made up of sand, which are

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