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Process Schedulers in Operating System

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17 views

Process Schedulers in Operating System

Uploaded by

lakshmi.t
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Process Schedulers in Operating

System
• Process scheduling is the activity of the process manager that handles
the removal of the running process from the CPU and the selection of
another process based on a particular strategy.
• Categories of Scheduling
• Scheduling falls into one of two categories:
• Non-preemptive: In this case, a process’s resource cannot be taken before
the process has finished running. When a running process finishes and
transitions to a waiting state, resources are switched.
• Preemptive: In this case, the OS assigns resources to a process for a
predetermined period. The process switches from running state to ready
state or from waiting for state to ready state during resource allocation.
Types of Process Schedulers

• 1. Long Term or Job Scheduler


• 2. Short-Term or CPU Scheduler
• 3. Medium-Term Scheduler

• 1. Long Term or Job Scheduler


• It brings the new process to the ‘Ready State’. It
controls the Degree of Multi-programming, i.e., the
number of processes present in a ready state at
any point in time. It is important that the long-term
scheduler make a careful selection of both I/O and
CPU-bound processes.
2. Short-Term or CPU Scheduler
• It is responsible for selecting one process from the ready state for
scheduling it on the running state. Note: Short-term scheduler only
selects the process to schedule it doesn’t load the process on
running.
• The dispatcher is responsible for loading the process selected by the
Short-term scheduler on the CPU (Ready to Running State) Context
switching is done by the dispatcher only. A dispatcher does the
following:

• Switching context.
• Switching to user mode.
• Jumping to the proper location in the newly loaded program.
Medium-Term Scheduler
• It is responsible for suspending and resuming
the process. It mainly does swapping (moving
processes from main memory to disk and vice
versa). Swapping may be necessary to improve
the process mix or because a change in
memory requirements has overcommitted
available memory, requiring memory to be
freed up.

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