DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
 Name : K.S.Srinivas
 Designation : Lecturer
 Branch : CHEMICAL ENGG.
 Institute : J.N.Govt. Polytechnic Hyd.
 Year / sem : I I I Semester
 Subject : CHEMICAL PROCESS
CALCULATIONS
 Code No : CH- 306
 Topic ; Basic chemical calculations.
Duration : 50 Mins.
 Sub Topic :Atom molecule mole and units.
 Teaching Aids : ppt, diagrams Animations
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 Objective
 Upon completion of this period, you will
be able to
 Define atom molecule,mole, gm atom,
gm molecule

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 Introduction
 How does matter exists?
 Matter exists in three different forms
solid, liquid and gases.
 The easiest way of expressing matter
is mass
 Solids and liquids can be weighed using
a balance

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 Definition
 Atom -: It is the individual structure which
constitute the basic unit of any chemical
element.
 Mole -: It is the atom of substance equal to its
molecular weight or molar mass its unit is
mol.
 Atomic weight -: It is the mass of an atom
based on specific atom of carbon –12 whose
mass value is 12.It is abbreviated as at. wt.
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Molecule
 Molecule -: A group of atoms held together by
chemical forces
 Ex-:
 mono-atom ----- Fe , Al
 Di-- atom ----------- O 2 H 2
 Compound -------- H2O,CO 2, e t c

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Mole and mass relation :-
 gm. atom = is an unit of atom of any element
 gm. mole = is an unit of molecule of any

compound is C.G.S. system

 1atom Al = 27 g Al ( in C.G.S. system )

1K. atom Na = 23 kg Na in M.K.S or SI.system

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Mole and mass relation :-
 di atom : - di means = two in numerical
 1mol of ( O ) = 2 gm.atom of O2 = 32 gm.of O2
 1 mol of Nacl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 gm nacl
 From above discussion its follows that,
 1mole of compound X= molecular weight of X -- 2.1

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Problem - Ex 2.1
 How many grams of NH4Cl are there in 5 mol ?
 Solution :- Molecular
weight of NH4Cl = 14 + 4 x 1+35.5 =
53.5 1 gm. mole of NH4Cl =
53.5 gm of NH4Cl
 5 gm. mol = ?

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Problem contd ..,
5 gm.mol of NH4Cl x 53.5 gms of NH4Cl
 = ___________________________________
1 gm.mol NH4Cl


 = 267.5 gms, of NH4Cl = Ans.

 It means that 5 gm.mol of NH4Cl is converted into

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Problem Ex :- 2.2
 Ex 2.3-: How many moles of K2 Co3 will
contain 117 kg of K
 Basis -: 117 kg of potassium K
 At.Wt. Of potassium K = 39
 Atoms of K = 117 / 39 = 3 Kg. Atom
 It means that 3 Kg. atom is present in 117 Kg of
potassium.

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Problem contd..,
 Each mole of K2 Co3 contain 2 atoms of K
 It means 1 kg.mole of K2 Co3 = 2 atoms of K
 Moles of K2 Co3 = 3 / 2 = 1.5 Kg.mol
 it means that 117 Kg.of K will contain 1.5
kg.moles of K2 Co3

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Equivalent weight
 Ex -: H2 + ½ O2 – H2O ---- 2.2
 H2 = Mono valent
 O2 = di – valent
 Ex :- KOH+ HNO3 – KNO3+ H2O – 2.3 In this
reaction - one equivalent Wt. of an element of KOH
combines with one equivalent weight of KNO 3 to
produce
 One equivalent weight of KNO3 and
 One equivalent weight of H2O

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Ex :- KOH+ HNO3 – KNO3+ H2O – 2.3
 It is clear that the reactivity of a molecule in a
chemical reaction determines the equivalent
weight of the molecule.
 Then
 Equivalent Wt. = molecular weight / valency – 2.4
 In symbol form it is given as Eq.Wt. = M/V - 2.4

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Problem 2.3
 Ex- 2.3. Find the equivalent Wt.of
 ( a) CO3 and (b) Na2Co3
 Sol -: M.Wt.of CO3 radical = 12+ 16 x 3 = 60
 Valency of the radical CO3 = 2
 Eq.Wt. = Molecular Wt. / Valency
 Eq.Wt. = 60 / 2 = 30
 Eq.Wt. of radical CO3 = 30 --- Ans


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 (b). Na2 CO3
 Solution :- Molecular weight of radical
 Na2 CO3 = 2 x 23 +12 = 16 x 3 = 106
 Valency of Na2 CO3 = 2
 Eq. Wt. = molecular weight / valency
 Eq.Wt = M / V = 106 / 2 = 53
 Eq.Wt, of radical Na2 CO3 = 53 --- Ans

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 Summary
 We have discussed about
 Atom, mole, molecule gm.atom, gm,mol
 Matter
 Type of matter
 Atomic weight
 Molecular weight
 gm.atom, gm. mol

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 Quiz
 1).Which of the following is atom .
 (a).H 2O
 (b) H Cl
 ( c).Al
 (D). None

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 Quiz
 2). 1 gm.mole of H Cl =
 ( a).36.5 gms((a).36.5
 (b) 36.5 Kg
 ( c) .36.5 lbs
 (d) none

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 Quiz
 3).Equivalent weight =
 (a) M / V
 (b).V / M
 ( c ). M X V
 (d).none

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 Quiz
 4).1 Kg.atom of Sulfur =
 (a).32 kmol
 (b) 32 Kg.
 ( c).32 mol
 (d). none

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 Problem for practice
 Find the mole of oxygen present in 500 gm
 What is equivalent wt of K m no4 ?

 How many kg atomof carbon is present in 264 kg of

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Questions asked in examination
 How many moles of K2Co3 will contain 117 kg k
 What is Eq Wt of Al2 ( so4)3 ?
 How many Kg of carbon di sulfide will contain 3.5 k
mole of carbon ?

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