Python… Conditional
Statements
Outline
Nested Conditionals
Multi-way Decision Statements
else-if statement vs if-ifStatement.
Conditional Expressions
Errors in Conditional Statements
Flow chart vs. Python code
input ()
print()
Expressions / statements
if else
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Conditional processing
Python has several types of selection statements:
One-way if statements,
Two-way ifelse statements,
Nested if statements,
Multi-way if-elif-else statements and
Conditional expressions.
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A one-way if statement
if Statements executes the statements if
the condition is true.
A one-way if statement executes an action if and only if the
condition is true.
The syntax for a one-way if statement is:
if boolean-expression:
statement(s)
# Note that the statement(s) must be indented .
The statement(s) must be indented at least one space to the
right of the if keyword and each statement must be indented
using the same number of spaces.
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If-Statement Example
Two-Way if-else Statements
A one-way if statement takes an action if the specified condition is True.
If the condition is False, nothing is done.
But what if you want to take one or more alternative actions when the condition is
False?
You can use a two-way if-else statement.
The actions that a two-way if-else statement specifies differ based on
whether the condition is True or False.
Here is the syntax for a two-way if-else statement:
if boolean-expression:
statement(s)-for-the-true-case
else: A two-way if-else statement
decides which statements to
statement(s)-for-the-false-case execute based on whether the
condition is true or false.
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If-else Statement
Nested if and Multi-Way if-elif-else
Statements
One if statement can be placed inside another if statement to
form a nested if statement.
The statement in an if or if-else statement can be any legal
Python statement, including another if or if-else statement.
The inner if statement is said to be nested inside the outer if
statement.
The inner if statement can contain another if statement; in
fact, there is no limit to the depth of the nesting.
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Nested if and Multi-Way if-elif-else
Statements
For example, the following is a nested if statement:
if i > k:
if j > k:
print("i and j are greater than k")
else:
print("i is less than or equal to k")
The if j > k statement is nested inside the if i > k statement.
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Nested if and Multi-Way if-elif-else
Statements
Nested if-elif-else Multi-way if-elif-else
statement statement
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Multiway-if-elif-else: Example
Multiway-if-elif-else: Example
Nested if and Multi-Way if-elif-else
Example
Conditional Expressions
Conditional expressions are in a completely different style.
The syntax is:
expression1 if boolean-expression else expression2
Example: y = 1 if x > 0 else -1
▪ Same as
if x > 0:
y=1 A conditional
else: expression evaluates an
y = -1
expression based on a
condition.
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Common Errors
Common Errors
Which is
correct and
equivalent?
Which
is
better?
Practice Example
You are to write a program to compute personal
income tax. Your program should prompt the user
to enter the filing status and taxable income and
then compute the tax. Enter 0 for single filers, 1 for
married filing jointly, 2 for married filing separately,
and 3 for head of household.
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Summary
Nested Conditionals
Multi-way Decision Statements
else-if statement vs if-ifStatement.
Conditional Expressions
Errors in Conditional Statements
