2.3 - Logical Operators

Decisions
Logical Operators
ICS 3U0
Today’s Agenda
Making more challenging conditions using

AND, OR and NOT.
Learn about the Boolean datatype.

Example – Combining Conditions
Let’s write a program to see if a person is eligible
to vote. There are two conditions:
1. Canadian citizen.
2. At least 18 years old.
In plain language, you might say: “If you are a

Canadian citizen and at least 18 years old, then you
can vote.”
Logical Operators
Logical operators allow us to combine multiple
conditions into a single statement
code can be made shorter (more efficient)
in some ways, these conditions are more like our natural
way of thinking
We are going to learn three ways to combine

comparisons
AND (all conditions must be true)
OR (at least one condition must be true)
NOT (negates the condition)
Example … using AND
# Get country of origin and age
country = input("What is your country of
origin? ")
age = int(input("What is your age? "))
# If country is Canada and age is greater

than 18, then vote!
if country == "Canada" and age >= 18:
print("Don't forget to vote!")
Logical Operators - AND
 When using AND, we require that all conditions be true at
the same time
 This is the "picky" logical operator
 For example: "I like movies that have action and comedy“. To
a computer, this person only likes movies that include both
action and comedy
(movie == action) and (movie == comedy)
AND Examples
Example 1:
1 < 2 and 5 > 3
(1 < 2) is TRUE, (5 > 3) is TRUE, so overall the
statement evaluates to TRUE What does this
mean? Evaluates
to true? Evaluates
Example 2: to false?
5 == 5 and "up" == "down"

(5 = 5) is TRUE, but (“up” = “down”) is FALSE, so
overall the statement evaluates to FALSE
Example … using OR
Write a program that requires an input to be less than
5 or greater than 20.
#Get number
number = int(input("Please enter a number: "))
#Check if the number meets requirements

if number > 20 or number < 5:
print(number, "is ok.")
else:
print(number, "needs to be greater than 20
or less than 5.")
Logical Operators - OR
When using OR, we require that only ONE of the conditions
be true
This logical operator is less stringent than AND
For example: "I like movies that have action or comedy“. To a

computer, this person likes movies that have action, or
comedy, or both
(movie == action) or (movie == comedy)
OR Examples
Example 1:
1 < 2 OR 5 > 3
(1 < 2) is TRUE, (5 > 3) is TRUE, so the overall statement
is TRUE. What does this
mean? Evaluates
Example 2: to true? Evaluates
to false?
5 == 5 OR "up" == "down"
(5 = 5) is TRUE, (“up” = “down”) is FALSE. The OR
operator only requires that at least one condition is
TRUE, so the overall statement is TRUE.
Logical Operators - NOT
When using NOT, the condition becomes TRUE if
FALSE and FALSE if TRUE
In general, NOT operators are often quite difficult

to read in computer code, and our intentions will
usually be clearer if we can eliminate them
NOT Examples
Example:
if not(age >= 17):
print("Hey, you're too young to get a
licence!") Is there an easier
way to write this
code?
Code rewritten more logically:
if age < 17:
print("Hey, you're too young to get a
licence!")
Example … using NOT
Write a program that requires a particular user name to
be valid before continuing. Loopy is the user name.
#Get username
user_name = input("Please enter your name: ")
#Check if name is valid

if not(user_name == "Loopy"):
print("Sorry, you cannot continue!")
else:
print("You can continue!")
You Try – All Together
Suppose we can slay the dragon only if our magic lightsabre
sword is charged to 90% or higher, and we have 100 or more
energy units in our protective shield.
Write the code for this ... which logical operator would you
use?
Can you write the code with a different logical operator?

Which one?
Exercises – Logical Operators
Complete Exercise 2.3 – Day 1

Logical Operators
Boolean DataType
We have been working with the following datatypes
throughout this course:
• int
• float
• string
We have also been sorta, kinda,

half-heartedly danced around
this datatype as well:
• boolean
Boolean DataType
Boolean variables are assigned one of two values
• Either a boolean variable is True
• Or a boolean variable is False
A boolean variable is assigned exactly the same way as an

integer, float or string variable.
Note that there are no
quotes – if you put
next_num = False quotes, you have created
a STRING variable ...
done = True without the quotes, you
have created a BOOLEAN
variables
Boolean DataType Examples
Example:
good_num = True
if good_num:
print("Hey, you're a good number!")
Example:
bad_num = False
if not bad_num:
print("Hey, you're a good number!")
Exercises – Logical Operators
Complete Exercise 2.3 – Day 2

Logical Operators

2.3 - Logical Operators

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Decisions

Making more challenging conditions using

Learn about the Boolean datatype.

In plain language, you might say: “If you are a

We are going to learn three ways to combine

# If country is Canada and age is greater

 This is the "picky" logical operator

5 == 5 and "up" == "down"

#Check if the number meets requirements

This logical operator is less stringent than AND

For example: "I like movies that have action or comedy“. To a

In general, NOT operators are often quite difficult

#Check if name is valid

Can you write the code with a different logical operator?

Complete Exercise 2.3 – Day 1

We have also been sorta, kinda,

A boolean variable is assigned exactly the same way as an

Complete Exercise 2.3 – Day 2

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