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Module 1 Power System Overview

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31 views

Module 1 Power System Overview

Uploaded by

moosuhaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power System Protection

Module 1

Power System overview

By: Eng.
Refrences
Power System Overview

• Electrical Power System is that one that produces/supplies


electrical power & delivers it to the consumers.
• Typically, it is composed of : Generation, Transmission &
Distribution subsystems/stages.
• It may represent:
o National/Regional grid : Utility power system, owned and
operated by a single service provider or multiple providers.
o Private power system: established to service specific set of
consumers. although it is privately owned and separately
operated, sometimes proper coordination between the
private and national networks is required (i.e. industrial,
building complex, district cooling, sewerage stations…etc.)
Power system overview

• Generation: The stage where electric power is generated by


an energy conversion technique.
o Thermo, Hydro, Wind, Solar…etc.
o Centralized, Distributed.
• Transmission: The stage where the voltage level is stepped up
to allow long distance transmission of power with reduced
losses
• Distribution: stepped down voltage level power is collected
from transmission system and then delivering it to the
consumer .
Power system overview

• Standard IEC 60038 defines the voltage ratings as follows:


o Low voltage (LV): for a phase-to-phase voltage between
100V and 1,000V, the standard ratings are: 400V - 690V -
1000V (at 50 Hz).
o Medium voltage (MV): for a phase-to-phase voltage
between 1000V and 35kV, the standard ratings are: 3.3kV -
6.6kV – 11kV - 22kV - 33kV.
o High voltage (HV): for a phase-to-phase voltage between
35kV and 230kV, the standard ratings are: 45kV - 66kV -
110kV - 132kV - 150kV - 220kV
o Extra high voltage (EHV): exceeding 245kV, standard highest
values : 300kV, 420kV, 550kV, 1200kV
Power system overview
• Any central node in the power system where some kind of
manipulation is applied to the power is called Station
• Power Station: it is the node where power is generated.
• Substation: it is the node where voltage level is stepped up or
down by a transformer, additionally it has lines switching
functions. it may contain power quality devices such like Static
VAR compensators, Synchronous condensers, and capacitor
banks.
• Switching station: any central node where lines may be
distributed, switched or parallelized without changing the
voltage level; it has no transformer.
• Others: Collector substation, Converter substation
Classification of Substations
• Based on:
 Function:
 Step up substation/ generation substation : Generation.
 Primary grid/EHV substation, sub trans substation : Transmission.
 Primary Dist. Substation, Secondary Dist. Substation, consumer
substation: Distribution.
 Installation: Indoor / outdoor
 Configuration/Insulation:
 AIS Air insulated substations: atmospheric air is used as a medium for
insulation.
 GIS Gas insulated substation: uses a superior dielectric gas, sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6) at a moderate pressure for phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground insulation, more compact, more reliable & longer life
time.
Power supply modes
• Single Feeding line:

• Simple, not expensive, limited reliability


Power supply modes
• Ring Main principle:

• Reliable, Flexible, cost effective


• Ring should be kept open at one point (Ring OFF)
Power supply modes
• Parallel Feeder:

• Very reliable, more expensive


• Mutual interlocked feeders(1 out of 2, 2 out of 3…etc.)
Bus switching configurations
• Single Bus Arrangement:

– low cost and limited reliability

• Double Bus-Double Breaker:

– Very High reliability


– High Cost
– Great area occupied
Bus switching configurations
• Main and Transfer Bus:

– Limited reliability
– Flexibility in operation and Maint
– Limited area.
Bus switching configurations
• Double Bus-Single Breaker:

– Moderate reliability
– Operation Flexible
– High Cost
– Big area
Bus switching configurations
• Ring Bus:
– High reliability
– Operation Flexible
– Moderate Cost
– Moderate area
– Requires proper protection schemes (Directional)
• Breaker and Half Arrangement:

– High Reliability
– Moderate Cost
– Big Area
– Flexible in operation
Questions ?
Thank You

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