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Slide 5-Java Server Pages

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Slide 5-Java Server Pages

Uploaded by

tuannhade180647
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JavaServer Pages (JSP)

Objectives
 JavaServer Pages (JSP) introduction
 How JSP Works?
 Basic tags
 Comment
 Directive
 Declaration
 Expression
 Scriplets
 Implicit Objects
 Action tags
 Exception handling

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JavaServer Pages (JSP)
 JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides a
simplified, fast way to create web pages that
display dynamically-generated content.
 JSP is an extension to Servlet, provides more
functionality than servlet like EL, JSTL..
 The JSP specification is an important part of the
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition.
 The first place to check for information on JSP
technology is
https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/jspt.html
 Presentation layer for MVC architecture: separate
the dynamic content of a Web page from its
presentation

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JSP introduction
 Middle-tier
 Presentation-tier
Web Server
(Servlet Container)

HTTP
JDBC
Request
Browser
Servlet Database
(client)
1st tier Server
Response (3rd tier)

JSP
Request

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JSP Page
• JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. The JSP
pages are easier to maintain than Servlet because
we can separate designing and development.
• A JSP page has the extension .jsp; this signals to the
web server that the JSP engine will process elements
on this page.
• Pages built using JSP technology are typically
implemented using a translation phase that is
performed once, the first time the page is called.
The page is compiled into a Java Servlet class and
remains in server memory, so subsequent calls to
the page have very fast response times.

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Example
HTML tag
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>MyFirstProgram.jsp</TITLE></HEAD>
Comment
<BODY> JSP
Directive
<%-- MyFirstProgram.JSP -->
JSP
<%@ page import = "java.util.Date" %> Scriptlet

JSP
<% out.println("Hello there!"); %> <Br>
Expression

<%= "Current date is " + new Date() %>


</BODY>
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</HTML> 6
How JSP Works?
User
UserRequest
Request––JSP
JSPFile
FileRequested
Requested

Server
Server

Create
CreateServlet
Servletfrom
fromJSP
JSP File
File
Translation
Translation Changed
Changed

Servlet
ServletCompile
Compile Execute
ExecuteServlet
Servlet

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Class Hierarchy Generated Servlet

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JSP Lifecycle
Servlet from JSP
Init Event jspInit()
jspInit()

Request
Response
jspService()
jspService()

Destroy Event jspDestroy()


jspDestroy()

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HTML Comment
• Generates a comment that is sent to the client.

 Syntax

<!-- comment [ <%= expression %> ] -->

 Example:
<!-- This page was loaded on
<%= (new java.util.Date()).toLocaleString() %>
-->

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JSP Directives
• Directives are used to control how the web
container translates and executes the JSP page
• Directives have attributes that dictate their meaning
and effect. In almost all cases, the effects produced
by directives can’t be replicated using expressions,
scriptlets, or declarations.
• We’ll consider the three directives:
 page,
 include,
 taglib.

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The page Directive
 The page directive defines attributes that apply to an
entire JSP page
<%@ page attributeName=“value" %>
 Page attribute

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The page Directive
 import to create import statements in the generated
servlet source produced at translation phase.
import=“java.util.*,model.*”
 contentType is a String that specifies the MIME type of
the response to be sent back. The default value is
"text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"
contentType=“text/html;charset=UTF-8”
 pageEncoding set the character encoding of the page
source.
pageEncoding=“UTF-8”
 buffer sets the buffer size in kilobytesThe default size
of the buffer is 8Kb.

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Other attributes of the page directive

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The include Directive
• A JSP source file and the pages it includes through
the include directive are collectively referred to as a
“translation unit.”
• The file type you include doesn’t have to be JSP page
source, nor does it have to have a .jsp extension.
Once included, the file contents must make sense
to the JSP translation process, but this gives scope
to include entire HTML or XML documents, or
document fragments.
• Defining Implicit Includes with JSP property group
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The include Directive…
<%@ include file=“relativeURL " %>
<html>
<body>
<%@ include file="header.jsp" %>
<h1>Including Page</h1>
<%@ include file="footer.html" %>
</body>
</html>

•The taglib directive makes custom tags available in the JSP


page by referencing a tag library
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JSP scripting elements
• Scripting elements are inserted into the JSP
page’s servlet class
• Declarations
<%! Member variable and method of servlet %>

• Expressions
<%= expression%>

• Scriplets
<% java code %>

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Declaration
• Declares variable or method valid in the scripting
language used in the JSP page.
 Syntax
<%! declaration; [ declaration; ]+ ... %>

 Examples
<%! String destin; %>
<%! public String getDestination()
{return destin;}%>
<%! Circle a = new Circle(2.0); %>
 You can declare any number of variables or methods within one

declaration element, as long as you end each declaration with a


semicolon.
 The declaration must be valid in the Java language.

 variable or method declared are members of servlet generated

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Expression
• Contains an expression valid in the scripting language used
in the JSP page.
 Syntax
<%= expression %>
Example
<%! String name = new String(“JSP World”); %>
<%! public String getName() { return name; } %>
<B><%= getName() %></B>
 Description:

An expression element contains a scripting language expression that is


evaluated, converted to a String, and inserted where the expression
appears in the JSP file.
 Because the value of an expression is converted to a String, you can

use an expression within a line of text, whether or not it is tagged with


HTML, in a JSPfile. Expressions are evaluated from left to right.
 Code generated into service() method of the translated servlet

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Scriptlet
• Contains a code fragment valid in the page scripting
language.
 Syntax
<% code fragment %>
<%
String var1 = request.getParameter("name");
out.println(var1);
%>
• This code will be placed in the generated servlet method:
_jspService()
• The use of scriptlet should be limited in JSP because JSP is
mainly used for presentation

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Predefined Variable – Implicit Objects
• request – Object of HttpServletRequest (request parameters, HTTP headers, cookies

• response – Object of HttpServletResponse

• out - Object of PrintWriter buffered version JspWriter

• session - Object of HttpSession associated with the request

• application - Object of ServletContext shared by all servlets in the engine

• config - Object of ServletConfig

• pageContext - Object of PageContext in JSP for a single point of access

• page – variable synonym for this object

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Predefined Variable – Implicit Objects

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JSP Actions
• Standard actions are used for the same purpose as
Java language-based scripting: Most if not all the
goals that you can achieve with standard actions
are achievable with other scripting elements.
• So why use them?
 The answer is that they get the job done more
elegantly. They often provide an alternative to
inserting java code into your neatly designed
presentation page.

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Standard actions general syntax
<prefix:tagname firstAttribute="value"
secondAttribute="value">
...
</prefix:tagname>

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Dispatching action <jsp:include>
• The standard action <jsp:include> can be used to
include the response from another page within your
JSP page output.
• You specify the file whose response should be
included with the page attribute, like this:
<jsp:include page="pageToInclude.jsp" />
• The file whose response should be included has to
reside somewhere in your web application but
doesn’t have to be present until the page is actually
requested.

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<jsp:include> vs. <%@ include %>

<jsp:include>
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<jsp:include> vs. <%@ include %>

<%@ include %>

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Dispatching action <jsp:forward>
• The purpose of this standard action is to forward
processing to another resource within the web
application.

<jsp:forward page=“destinationPage">
<jsp:param name=“.." value=“.." />
…
</jsp:forward>

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JSP exception handling
 Translation and compilation errors
 Both the translation and the compilation phases can
yield errors that are observed only when the page is
requested for the first time.
 If an error is encountered during either phase, the
server will return JasperException and a message
that includes the name of the JSP page and the line
where the error occurred.
 Runtime Exception
 Occurs during serving request
 Catch by error page for specific exception
 Define error pages for the whole web app in web.xml
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JSP exception handling
 The page directive in JSP provides two
attributes to be used in exception handling.
 errorPage: Used to site which page to be
displayed when exception occurred
 isErrorPage : Used to mark a page as an error
page where exceptions are displayed
 <%@page isErrorPage="true“ %>
 <%@page errorPage=“errorhandle.jsp“ %>
 exception implicit object available only on error
page
 use to send customized error message to the client.

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Summary
• JavaServer Pages (JSP)
 Presentation tier
 JSP Page
 How JSP Works?
 JSP Lifecycle
 JSP Tags
 JSP Implicit Objects
 JSP Action
 JSP error handling

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Constructive question
 Why should you limit the use of scriptlets in JSP?
 Design views for customer registration of a web
application.
 How will the JSP page meet the needs of multiple
concurrent users?
 Compare 2 variables declared by declaration tag and by
scriptlet
 Compare two include mechanisms using directives and
actions
 When you want to redirect users to login to their role-
specific page, should use sendRedirect or action forward?

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