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Image Filtering in Frequency Domain: (Hannan Adeel)

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12 views25 pages

Image Filtering in Frequency Domain: (Hannan Adeel)

Uploaded by

ahmedkingdom774
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Image Filtering in Frequency

Domain
(Hannan Adeel)
What is Transform Domain? And Why it is
required?
• Transform Domain
• Frequency Domain
• DFT
• FFT
• DCT

• Wavelets
• Applications
• (Filtering, Geometric manipulation, Compression, Filter Design, De-ossilation, and so on)

• https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-applications-of-2D-FFT-for-image-processing-
computer-vision-computer-graphics
DFT & IDFT
• Common Names:
• Fourier Transform, Spectral Analysis, Frequency Analysis

• DFT: From spatial domain to frequency domain


• IDFT: From frequency domain to time domain

• Common Variants:
DCT
DFT

• Exponential term is the basis function. The basis functions are sines
and cosines with increasing frequencies.
IDFT
More Examples
DFT
• The Fourier Transform is used if we want to access the geometric
characteristics of a spatial domain image. Because the image in the
Fourier domain is decomposed into its sinusoidal components, it is easy
to examine or process certain frequencies of the image, thus influencing
the geometric structure in the spatial domain.
• In most implementations the Fourier image is shifted in such a way that
the DC-value (i.e. the image mean) F(0,0) is displayed in the center of the
image. The further away from the center an image point is, the higher is
its corresponding frequency.
We can see that the DC-value is by far the largest component of the
image. However, the dynamic range of the Fourier coefficients (i.e. the
intensity values in the Fourier image) is too large to be displayed on the
screen, therefore all other values appear as black.

Fourier Log
Transform Transform

Magnitude
Source Image calculated from Log of Magnitude
complex result
The result shows that the image contains
components of all frequencies, but that their
magnitude gets smaller for higher frequencies.
Hence, low frequencies contain more image
information than the higher ones. The
transform image also tells us that there are
two dominating directions in the Fourier
image, one passing vertically and one
horizontally through the center. These
Log of DFT Magnitude
originate from the regular patterns in the
background of the original image.
The phase of the Fourier transform of the
same image is shown on the right. The value of
each point determines the phase of the
corresponding frequency. As in the magnitude
image, we can identify the vertical and
horizontal lines corresponding to the patterns
in the original image. The phase image does not
yield much new information about the
structure of the spatial domain image;
therefore, in the following examples, we will Phase of DFT
restrict ourselves to displaying only the
magnitude of the Fourier Transform.
Before we leave the phase image entirely,
however, note that if we apply the inverse
Fourier Transform to the above magnitude
image while ignoring the phase (and then
histogram equalize the output) we obtain
(image on right). Although this image contains
the same frequencies (and amount of
frequencies) as the original input image, it is
corrupted beyond recognition.

This shows that the phase information is


crucial to reconstruct the correct image in the IDFT without Phase
spatial domain.

https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/fourier.htm
The phase data dominates our perception.

Magnitude of
FT of VDU
+
Phase of
FT of child

Synthetic Reconstructed
Image

https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/O
VDU and child images WENS/LECT4/node2.html
Q: Find the DFT of f(x) = {0, 1, 2, 1}
Q: Find the DFT of
f(x) = {0, 1, 2, 1}
Q: Find the DFT of
f(x) = {0, 1, 2, 1}
Q: Find the DFT of
f(x) = {0, 1, 2, 1}
2D DFT using matrix method
Homework Questions!
• How to use extended form of fixed matrix? (say of size 8 and so on)
References
1) See reference slides:

2) Videos
• Manual method to find 1-D DFT:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gf4k1rCX5l0
• 1D IDFT Computation using matrix method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1As6A8HjRU
• FFT and Image Compression
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9T3jNbCYf8

3) Web Pages
• DCT Basis
https://users.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave.Marshall/Multimedia/node231.html#DCTbasis
• Low pass Filtering
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/dip/high_pass_vs_low_pass_filters.htm

4) MATLAB Code Files

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