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Input/Output Organization

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9 views8 pages

Input/Output Organization

Uploaded by

ii.gaming.ice.ii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INPUT/OUTPUT ORGANIZATION

Data transfer between the computer and external device takes place through I/O mechanism.
One
communicates with a computer system via the I/O devices interfaced to it. The user can enter
programs and data using the keyboard on a terminal, executes the programs to obtain results and
finally the results may be displayed on monitor of the computer.
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER

Every computer supports a variety of peripheral devices. To use a peripheral device, two
modules are required:
(a) I/O interface or I/O controller.
(b) I/O driver.
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER

1. I/O Interface or I/O Controller


I/O interface is a hardware device provides a means for transferring information between central
system (i.e. CPU and main memory) and external I/O peripheral device. Peripheral devices
connected to a computer need I/O interface circuits for interfacing them with the CPU and or
memory.
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER

There are four types of I/O commands that an I/O interface may receive when it is
addressed by a processor:
1. Control It is used to enable an I/O device and to give directive what to do. For
example, a magnetic tape unit may be instructed to rewind or to move forward one
record. These commands are tailored to the particular type of peripheral device.
2. Test It is used to test various status conditions associated with an I/O interface
and its peripheral.
For example, the processor may want to know that the peripheral of interest is
powered on and ready for use. It also may want to know if the most recent I/O
operation is completed and if any error occurs.
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER

3. Read This causes the I/O interface to obtain a data-item from the peripheral and
place it in an internal buffer (data register). The processor can then obtain the data
item by requesting that the I/O interface place it on the data bus.
4. Write This causes the I/O interface to take a data-item from the data bus and
subsequently transfer that data item to the peripheral.
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER

2. I/O Driver
I/O driver is a software module that issues different commands to the I/O controller, for
executing
various I/O operations. Following are certain operations performed by different I/O drivers:
• l Reading a file from a disk.
• l Printing some lines by the printer.
• l Displaying a message on monitor.
• l Storing some data on disk.
I/O INTERFACE AND I/O DRIVER

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