PRESENTATION

ON
METHODS OF
SAMPLING
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
DR.VIKAS DARYAL PRATHAM GUPTA
PROFESSOR MBA-PREVIOUS
TIMT 20232151
 CONCEPT OF SAMPLING:
1. Population: The entire group of individuals, items, or data points that are the
focus of the study. It's the larger group from which a sample is drawn.
2. Sample: A subset of the population selected for study. The characteristics of the
sample are used to make inferences about the entire population.
3. Sampling Frame: A list or representation of all the individuals or items in the
population from which the sample will be drawn. It serves as a basis for selecting
the sample.
4. Sampling Method: The technique used to select individuals or items from the
population to be included in the sample. Common sampling methods include
random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and convenience sampling.
5. Random Sampling: A sampling method in which every member of the population
has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It helps to ensure that the
sample is representative of the population.
6. Stratified Sampling: A sampling method in which the population is divided
into distinct subgroups or strata, and samples are then randomly selected from
each stratum in proportion to their size in the population. It ensures that all
subgroups are adequately represented in the sample.
7. Cluster Sampling: A sampling method in which the population is divided into
clusters or groups, and then clusters are randomly selected for inclusion in the
sample. All individuals within the selected clusters are included in the sample.
8. Convenience Sampling: A non-probability sampling method where individuals
or items are selected based on their easy availability or accessibility to the
researcher. It's convenient but may lead to biased results.
9. Sampling Bias: Systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by
selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others. It occurs when
the sample is not representative of the population, leading to inaccurate
conclusions.
10. Sampling Error: The difference between the characteristics of a sample and
the population from which it was drawn. It's the discrepancy that occurs by
chance between a sample statistic and the population parameter
Types of Sampling:
1. Simple Random Sampling: Here all members have the same chance (probability) of being
selected. Random method provides an unbiased cross selection of the population.
For Example,
We wish to draw a sample of 50 students from a population of 400 students. Place all 400 names in
a container and draw out 50 names one by one.
2. Systematic Sampling: Each member of the sample comes after an equal interval from its
previous member.
For Example, for a sample of 50 students, the sampling fraction is 50/400 = 1/8 i.e. select one
student out of every eight students in the population. The starting points for the selection is chosen
at random.
3. Stratified Sampling: The population is divided into smaller homogenous group or strata by
some characteristic and from each of these strata members are selected randomly.
Finally from each stratum using simple random or systematic sample method is used to select final
sample.
4. Cluster Sampling (Area Sampling): A researcher/ enumerator selects sampling units at random
and then does complete observation of all units in the group.
For example, the study involves Primary schools.
Select randomly 15 schools. Then study all the children of 15 schools. In cluster sampling the unit
of sampling consists of multiple cases. It is also known as area sampling, as the selection of
1. Purposive Sampling: In this sampling method, the researcher selects a "typical group" of individuals
who might represent the larger population and then collects data from this group. Also known as
Judgmental Sampling.
2. Convenience Sampling : It refers to the procedures of obtaining units or members who are most
conveniently available. It consists of units which are obtained because cases are readily available.
In selecting the incidental sample, the researcher determines the required sample size and then simply
collects data on that number of individuals who are available easily.
3. Quota Sampling: The selection of the sample is made by the researcher, who decides the quotas for
selecting sample from specified sub groups of the population.
For example, an interviewer might be need data from 40 adults and 20 adolescents in order to study
students’ television viewing habits.
Selection will be
20 Adult men and 20 adult women
10 adolescent girls and 10 adolescent boys
4. Snowball Sampling:
In snowball sampling, the researcher Identifying and selecting available respondents who meet the criteria
for inclusion.
After the data have been collected from the subject, the researcher asks for a referral of other individuals,
who would also meet the criteria and represent the population of concern.
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