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Unit 2.2 Natural Building Blocks

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32 views23 pages

Unit 2.2 Natural Building Blocks

Uploaded by

aayanqaiserk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 2.

2 Natural building
blocks
Animal cells Notes to write
- Cells are the building blocks of all living things, including
animals.
- If an animal cell was made big enough to hold in your hands,
then it would probably feel like a clear balloon filled with water
or thin jelly.
- You probably could be able to see tiny things inside the cell
- These things are called organelles.
- Each organelle has a special function.
- Organelles are usually only visible using a microscope
Animal cell
Animal cell
Notes to write
Animal Cell Basic Structure
Mitochondria: are the powerhouses of the cell, which releases
Notes to write energy from food – This is where respiration takes place – recall
the respiration equation oxygen and glucose used to make ATP
energy molecule including carbon dioxide and water.

What are the Lysosomes: are the garbage disposal units that get rid of wastes
functions of the from the cells

organelles in Endoplasmic Reticulum: forms the pathway that allow


an animal cell materials to move quickly and easily throughout the cell.

Ribosomes: are microscopic factories that produce proteins used


by the animal for growth and repair. Ribosomes are not
considered to be organelles, because they are not always enclosed
in a membrane.
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Animal Cells
Notes to write
Plant Cells
- Plants have same parts as
animal cells plus a few
extra parts
- Plants cells have a cell
membrane, cytoplasm and a
nucleus and vacuole,
chloroplasts, green
substances called
chlorophyll
Plant Cells
Fungal Cells
Fungi Cells Notes to write
- Fungi are a group of organisms that can be
made of just a single cell ( such as yeast)or
many cells ( such as the toadstool).
Cells of fungi have the same parts as animal
cells, but they also have a cell wall like plant
cell
- Plant and fungal cells walls are made of
different chemicals
- Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts.
Therefore, they cannot make their own food
- Fungi produces substances that digest the
material they grow on.
- They then absorb the digested materials into
the cells.
Notes to write
Unicellular organisms
Living things that are made up of only one cell are known as unicellular
organisms:
- The prefix uni- means one and organisms means a living thing.
- Bacteria are unicellular organisms; some can cause infection/disease and
others live on your body and help you live and stay healthy.
- Bacteria is also found in the production of cheese and yogurt.
- Many other unicellular organisms live in watery environments.
- A drop of pond water seen through a microscope can reveal a variety of
living things that you would not have seen before.
Unicellular organisms
Notes to write
Unicellular organisms
- Protists are a group of unicellular organisms that are neither
plants, fungi or animals.
- Most protists are harmless, but some can make you really sick
for example Giardia lamblia.
- This found in the feces of humans and animals
- A person becomes infected when they swallow the parasite
from their unwashed hands or drink infected water.
- The water that comes through the taps has been treated to kill
any harmful organisms such as Giardia.
- If you are in the bush and using untreated water, then for your
health’s sake it is best to boil the water before you drink it.
Unicellular organisms
Notes to write
Dividing cells
- Unicellular organisms
reproduce by their cell
dividing to produce two new
identical cells; that is, two
new organisms
- Cell division is called mitosis
- Mitosis is cell division that
produces two new identical
cells.
Unicellular
Bacteria
Notes to write
Mitosis
- At the beginning of mitosis, there is one cell.
- First nucleus divided into two. Then cytoplasm divides
- At the end of the process there are two identical cells
- Like all other organisms made up of many cells, you started life as a single
cell. Most of the cells in your body were produced by mitosis.
- Each time you cut yourself or scrape the skin off your knee, the damage is
repaired by mitosis producing new cells
- Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled mitosis
- Scientists are looking for ways of controlling cell division in these cells and
hope that will help to cure the disease
Learning across the curriculum
Unit review 2.2

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