CORE COURSE- XI : CLOUD COMPUTING

COURSE CODE : 23PCA11

SEMESTER-II
Unit-I
Dr. A. Kangaiammal, MCA, M.Phil., M.E., Ph.D.
AP/Computer Applications
Government Arts College(Autonomous)
Salem – 636 007.
 COURSE OBJECTIVES
• To understand the basics of Cloud
computing.
• To be aware of virtualization concept.
• To understand the load balancing
techniques in cloud computing.
• To value the role and state of security in
cloud computing
 COURSE OUTCOMES
• On successful completion of the course,
the students will be able to:
– Explain the working of cloud computing in
the forms of various models.
– Express the concept of virtualization.
– Recognize and Identify the need for load
balancing techniques.
– Elucidate the Security issues in Cloud
Computing.
 Unit-I
Cloud Computing – An Overview: Introduction
– History – Characteristics – Cloud Computing
Model – Issues and Challenges of Cloud
Computing – Advantages and Disadvantages of
Cloud Computing – Security, Privacy and Trust
– Next Generation of Cloud Computing.

Cloud Computing Applications: Business

Applications – Finance and Banking
Applications – Cloud Computing in Education.
 Unit-II
Cloud Computing Architecture: Cloud
Architecture - Cloud Computing Models:
Service Models: SaaS – PaaS – SaaS – Haas –
Comparison of Service Models.–
Deployment Models: Public Cloud – Private
Cloud – Community Cloud – Hybrid Cloud –
Comparison of Public, Private and Hybrid
Cloud – Identity as a Service.
 UNIT III
Virtualization – Characteristics of Virtualization –
Implementation of Virtualization at Different
Levels of Virtualization – Types of Virtualization –
Server Virtualization – Client Virtualization –
Storage Virtualization.

Load Balancing in Cloud Computing: Load

Balancing Techniques – Logical Cloud Computing
Model – Virtualization for Data Centre: Server
Consolidation – Virtual Storage –OS Support –
Trust Management.
 Unit-IV
Security Issues and Challenges in Cloud
Computing: Introduction – Security Issues and
Challenges in Cloud Computing – Information
Security in Cloud Computing.
Security Management: Introduction - Security
Reference Architecture – Security Issues in Cloud
Computing – Types of Attackers – Security Risks
in Cloud Computing – Security Threats against
Cloud Computing – Novel Security Approaches –
Emerging Trends in Security and Privacy.
 Unit-V
Migrating Applications to the Cloud Computing:
Motivation for Migration – Issues – Challenges –
Solutions for Challenges – Types of Migration –
Planning for Migrating to Application to Cloud –
Migration Roadmap – Cloud bursting.
Migration to Microservices – Microservice
Architecture – Benefits – Drawbacks – Checklists
for Migration from monolithic to Microservices -
Comparison of Microservices with SOA. Google
Cloud Solutions
 References
1. V.K. Pachghare, “Cloud Computing”, PHI,
2016.
2. Kris Jamsa, “Cloud Computing”, Second
Edition, 2022.
3. Priyanka Vergadia, Visualizing Google Cloud:
101 Illustrated References for Cloud
Engineers and Architects, John Wiley
Publications, UK, 2022
 WEB RESOURCES
1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/overview/
what-is-cloud-computing/
.
2. https://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/lear
n-more/what-is-cloud-computing/

3. https://
www.salesforce.com/in/cloudcomputing/
Cloud Computing – An Overview
 Introduction
• Internet-based computing
• Software and hardware resources available to
the user as per demand.
• From remote these resources can be used
through internet.
• CC helps users to share storage and computing
resources so as to reduce cost of various
applications.
• Virtualized resources is possible in cloud
computing.
 Introduction
• The services, Technology and applications are
combined to provide self-service function over the
internet.
• Features of Cloud computing:
– Abstraction
• Collects the abstract information from the developers as well as
from the end users about the details of implementation of the
system.
• Storage location physical resources and administrators are
unknown; but the user can access applications and services at
anytime from anywhere.
– Virtualization:
• Sharing and pooling resources by applications.
• Centralized scalable infrastructure to offer applications and storage
on demand for payment in a metered-basis.
 Applications of Cloud Computing
• Use software without installation
• Use for file storage and sharing
• Use for backup
• Use for website hosting
• Use for e-commerce
• For test and development
 Internet

Cloud Architecture Router

Switch

User User User User

Computer Computer Computer Computer

NIST:
It is a Model which allows suitable, on-demand access
to shared computing resources, which can be speedily
provisioned, and released with least administration
endeavour or service provider interface.
 Terminologies and Terms
• User:
– Customer who use coud computing service.
• Cloud Service Provider (CSP):
– An individual, organization or a corporation and
Government agency or others who provide cloud
services
• Third Party:
– Responsible for the maintenance of services and
data on behalf of another entity.
 History of CC
• Evolution of cloud computing is the result of
widespread adoption of virtualization,
autonomic and service-oriented architecture
and its use in computing.
Sl. No. Period Development
1 1960-70 Mainframe
2 1980-85 Minicomputer
3 1985-90 PCs
4 1990-95 Client/Server
5 1995-2000 Web Services
6 2000-2008 Mobile
7 2008 Cloud
 History Cloud Computing
• Initially point-to-point systems provided
• Early 1990s –services like VPN (cloud is
computing space between user and service)
• 1997 – Ramnath Chellappa defined cc. –
boundaries of computing on economic and
technical ground.
• Late 1990s, service provider and developer
had good understanding on cloud computing..
And they improved the efficiencies of
infrastructure.
 History Computing - Evolution
• 1999: Pioneer: Salesforce.com – Enterprise level
apps to customers over internet.
• 2002: Amazon – web-based services – data
centres modernized but 10% of capacities used.
• 2005: Eze Castle- first hosted platform for cloud
computing was built and deployed.
• 2006: Google emerged with Google Docs
services.
• 2009: Web 2.0, Google, Microsoft offered
browser-based enterprise applications to end
users
 History Computing
• Google Apps to users by Google.
• CC evolved due to:
– Universal high-speed bandwidth
– Virtualization technology
– Universal software interoperability standards
• 2011: a number of SPs started to offer Cloud
computing services.
• 2012: Salesforce.com exposed Govt cloud and
AppExchange, multi-tenant services designed for the
public sector.
• 2013: CIA dealt with Amazon Web Services to build a
private cloud
 Characteristics of Cloud
• NIST (National Resour

Institute of Standards ce
Pooling

Technology) defined: On-

demand
Measu
red
– Resource pooling Self-
Services Service

– Measured Service Cloud

Charat-
– Broad Network Access eristics

– Multi-tenacity Rapid Broad

Elastici Networ
– Rapid elasticity ty k Access

– On-demand self Multi-

Tenaci
services ty
 Cloud Computing Model
• NIST classification:
– Deployment Models
– Service Models
• Deployment Models – management and the
location of the infrastructure used for cloud.
• Four types of cloud:
– Public Cloud
– Private Cloud
– Hybrid Cloud
– Community Cloud
 Classification of CC Model
• Service Models –types of services those are
available to the user on a cloud computing
platform.
• Four Service models:
– Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
– Platform as a Service (Paas)
– Software as a Service (Saas)
– Hardware as a Service (Haas)
 Classification of CC Model
Public Cloud

Deployment Private Cloud

Models
Hybrid Model

Community Model
Could
Computing
SaaS

PaaS
Service Models
IaaS

HaaS
 Classification of Deployment Model
• Grouping of different • Infrastructures
clouds provided by a cloud
• Use resources such as are owned, controlled
private or public and operated bya
infrastructures, cloud provider
clusters and • Social networking sites
computers • Email sites

Hybrid Cloud
Public Cloud

Community
Private Cloud
• Infrastructure is used Cloud
• Infrastructures are
by multiple
operated for some
organizations
particular organization
• Infrastructure is • Controlled and
owned, controlled and
managed by that
operated by a cloud
organization or 3rd
service provider or by
party
the organizations
 Classification of Service Model
• Provides
• Total operating operating
environment systems, virtual
• Vendor is machines,
responsible for services,
everything applications
• Google Docs • Google App
Engine

Infrastructure as Platform as a
a Service (IaaS) Service (Paas)

Hardware as a Software as a
Service (Haas Service (Saas)
• Hardware and
minimum software
• Access to support for users
devoted • Virtual machines,
firmware virtual storage, and
virtual
infrastructure
Models & Characteristics of CC
 Issues and Challenges in CC
• Interoperability and Portability
• Scalability and elasticity
– Horizontal
– Vertical
• Energy consumption
• Security and privacy
– Internal Risk
– External Risk
• Availability and Reliability
• Virtualization
– Type 1 Hypervisor
– Type 2 Hypervisor
• What to migrate
• Performance
• Service delivery and Billing
• Bandwidth cost
Issues and Challenges for Cloud
Computing
Bandwidth Interoperabilit
cost y and
Portability

Service Scalability and

delivery and elasticity
Billing

Issues and
Challenges Energy
Performance consumption

What to Security and

migrate privacy

Availability and
Virtualization Reliability
 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Lower Costs
• Ease of Utilization
• QoS
• Availability
• Reliability
• Outsourced IT management
• Simplified maintenance and upgrade
• Flexibility
• Return on Investment
• Environment –friendly computing
 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Bandwidth Requirement
• Privacy and Security
• Recovery of data
• Dependency
• Agreements
 Threats to CC
• Account or Service hijacking
• Malicious insiders
• Shared technology vulnerability
• Data breaches
• DoS
• Insufficient due diligence
• Data loss
• Insecure interface and APIs
• Abuse of cloud services
 Next Generation of CC
• Platforms required for next
generation of cloud computing:
– High degree of service flexibility
– Multiple constituencies
– Loosely coupled
– An intelligent machine
Changes required for Next Generation of CC
• Cloud of clouds or intercloud
• Openstack implementation
• Big Data as a Service (BDaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Graphic as a Service (GaaS)
• Hybrid Cloud adoption
• Cloud as an Innovation (CaaI)
• Internet of Thing(IoT)
• BYOD and the personal cloud
• Identity Management
• Software Defined Hardware
Cloud Computing Applications
 Introduction
• CC will have impact on business, data
storage, entertainment, education,
social networking, bioinformatics,
management, finance and banking, etc.
• Small organizations can have effective
implementation of its IT system.
• Hence, their tasks are performed
efficiently.
 Business Applications
• Reasons to use: like resourcing, business
agility, rapid go-to-market and cost
reduction.
• Concerns: security-privacy-trust, Saas
application, speed of internet, portability
issues, SLA, shared environment,
integration of cloud with on-premise
systems, interface mgt., expertise and
experience of financial models, etc.
 Business Applications
• Benefits:
– Productivity
– Agility
– Business ability
– Cost
– Quality
– Flexibility
– Performance
 Business Applications
• Cloud Applications for Small Business:
– Google Drive or DropBox
– Chatter
– Freshbooks
– MailChimp
– Boxmeup
– Mint.com
– Quickbooks
– Microsoft SkyDrive
– PrimeDesk
– SOS online backup
Finance and Banking Applications
• Extraordinary challenges to move into digital world.
• Better performance and services from finance
sectors.
• Challenges:
– Capital shortage that lowers profit margins.
– Expectation of new services and offerings
– Competition
– Product-centric to customer-centric
– Day-to-day regulation-govt. intervention –pressure
– Maintaining dynamic front-end of websites
– Need for storage and high-performance computing
– Large resource to maintain huge data.
Finance and Banking Applications
• Best practices when adopting Cloud:
– Adopt if SaaS provider is CSP.
– Before SLA, trial and then purchase services
– Test for disaster recovery on failure
– Single point of contact from CSP
• When not to:
– CSP uses Data-centre owned by 3rd party.
– No proper security, audit, compliance.
– Lack of expertise in financial and banking sectors.
Finance and Banking Applications
• Reason for adopting:
– Huge volume of data
– Preference on digital banking
– Sensitive data needs security.
• Benefits of Cloud:
– Agility
– Avoid procurement roadblocks
– Opportunity to improve
– Better Security
Finance and Banking Applications
• Legal and Compliance Issues:
– Data Privacy and security
– System security
– Business continuity and contingency planning
– Liability and risk management
• Outsourcing IT means:
– Proper maintenance of IT infra and mgt of risk
– Requirements and risk assessment
– Selection of authenticate CSP
– Effective SLA issues
– Efficient Monitoring system
Finance and Banking Applications
• Reason for adopting cloud:
– Payment processing
– Marketing and mgt of relationship with clients
– Core banking
– Management of Human Resources
– Infrastructure as a Service
 Cloud Computing in Education
• Development of technology
• Cloud-based applications for
academic/business purpose
• Better service to society
• Current education system
– IT is major component.
– Services through internet
– Admission, online test, staff attendance, academic
record keeping to online lectures and webinars.
 Cloud Computing in Education
• Implementation of Cloud Tech in Edu. System:
– Used by faculty, students, exam, library and staffroom
admn.
– SaaS: Faculty, student, exam and admin
– IaaS: Developer, Researcher, Server
– PaaS: Execution, Database
• Benefits of CC for Education:
– Reduce Infra and IT Costs
– Increase accessibility
– Personalized learning
– Reduced infrastructure
– Less pollution
 Cloud Computing in Education
• Reasons for adopting cloud for Education:
– Scalable, flexible and cost-effective services
– Meets changing staff/student requirements
– Pool of sw and easy maintenance.
– Fast solutions
– Less financial burden
– Multiple client platforms
• Services to Educational Institutions:
– Microsoft for Education
– Google Apps
– Amazons AWS
 Cloud Computing in Education
• Risks:
– Data Security
– Unsolicited advertising
– Lock-in
• Change by CC in Education:
– E-copy of books
– Latest learning materials
– Low cost of software usages
– Education is made available to all
Thank You